Anter
KA ke kumu mua a me kona kumu ua hoʻokumu ia i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui a me nā lehulehu o ke kuhiakau mai ka hoʻomaka o kēia mau aʻo ʻana. ʻO kēia Kauoha nui o nā mea mammal, kahi e pili ai ka poʻe, kekahi o nā mea hoʻoweliweli ʻē ʻia e kānaka.
Ma kēia ʻatikala na PeritoAnimal, e aʻo mākou i ka poʻe primates, he aha nā ʻano e wehewehe ai iā lākou, pehea lākou e ulu ai a inā he mea like e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā moʻo a me nā primates. E wehewehe mākou i nā mea āpau ma lalo, e hoʻomau i ka heluhelu ʻana.
Ke kumu o nā primates
KA kumu kumu mea maʻamau i nā mea āpau. Māhele like nā ʻano primata e kū nei i kahi ʻano o nā ʻano e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai ke koena o nā māmela. ʻO nā primata e kū nei noho i nā kumulāʻau, no laila loaʻa iā lākou nā hoʻololi paʻa e ʻae iā lākou e alakaʻi i kēlā ʻano nohona. kou mau wāwae a me nā lima Hoʻololi e neʻe ma waena o nā lālā. Hoʻokaʻawale loa ka manamana wāwae o ka wāwae mai nā manamana wāwae ʻē aʻe (me ke koe o ke kanaka), a ʻae kēia iā lākou e hoʻopaʻa paʻa i nā lālā. Loaʻa nā hoʻololi i nā lima, akā pili kēia i nā ʻano, e like me ka manamana nui i kūʻē ʻia. ʻAʻohe o lākou i nā māiʻuʻu a me nā kui e like me nā māmela ʻē aʻe, pālahalaha lākou me ka ʻole o nā kiko.
na manamana uluna tactile me nā dermatoglyphs (nā manamana lima) e ʻae iā lākou e hoʻopili pono i nā lālā, me ka hoʻohui, ma nā poho o nā lima a me nā manamana lima, aia nā hale nerve i kapa ʻia ʻo Meissner corpuscle, kahi e hāʻawi ai i kahi ʻano o ka pā.ʻO ke kikowaena o ka umekaumaha o ke kino kokoke i nā wāwae, ʻo ia hoʻi nā lālā lālā i ka wā locomotion. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka iwi kuʻekuʻe ma mua o nā māmela ʻē aʻe.
ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoʻololi nui i nā primates ka maka. ʻO ka mea mua, nui loa lākou e pili ana i ke kino, a inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā primate nocturnal, ʻoi aku ka nui o lākou, ʻaʻole like me nā mea ʻānai aʻe i ka pō e hoʻohana i nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe e noho i ka pō. ʻO kēlā mau maka nunui a ʻo nā mea nui ma muli o ke alo o kahi iwi ma hope o ka maka, a mākou e kapa nei he orbit.
Hoʻohui ʻia, ka ʻalohā optic (hoʻokahi no kēlā me kēia maka) mai hele aʻe ma waena o ka lolo, e like me kā lākou hana i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, kahi e hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka ʻike e komo ana i ka maka ʻākau i ka hemisphere hema o ka lolo a hana ʻia ka ʻike e komo ana i ka maka hema ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka lolo. ʻO kēia ka mea, i nā primates, hiki ke hana i ka ʻike e komo ma kēlā me kēia maka ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka lolo, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ʻike ākea ākea o ke kaiapuni.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka pepeiao primate e ke ʻano o kahi hanana i kapa ʻia ʻo ampulla auditory, i hana ʻia e ka iwi tympanic a me ka iwi maha, e pili ana i ka pepeiao waena a me loko. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka manaʻo olfactory, me ka ʻaʻala ʻole kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia hui o nā holoholona.
E pili ana i ka lolo, he mea nui e hoʻokākala i kona nui ʻaʻole ia he hiʻohiʻona hoʻoholo. Nui nā lolo i ka lolo liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka mammal maʻamau. ʻO Dolphins, no ka laʻana, ko lākou lolo, hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ko lākou mau kino, ʻaneʻane like ka nui me kekahi primate. ʻO ka mea ʻokoʻa ka lolo mai nā primates ʻelua ʻano anatomical i kū hoʻokahi i ke aupuni holoholona: ka ʻO ka lāki a Sylvia ʻo ia ka ʻalekau calcarin.
KA auwae a me nā niho ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā primates nā loli nui a i ʻole nā adaptation. He 36 ko lākou niho, 8 incisors, 4 canine, 12 premolars a me 12 molars.
Nā ʻano primata
Ma loko o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻauhau ʻana o nā primates, ʻike mākou ʻelua mau suborder: ka papa kuhikuhi "strepsirrhini", nona nā lemurs a me nā lorisiforms, a me ka suborder "Haplorrhini", i komo pū me nā nā mea hoʻolimalima kālā a me nā moʻo.
nā kahakaha
ʻIke ʻia ʻo Strepshyrins ma ke ʻano primates ihu pulu, 'aʻole i hōʻemi kouʻono o ka honi a koe kekahi o kāuʻano nui loa. Aia kēia hui i nā lemurs, nā kamaʻāina o ka mokupuni ʻo Madagascar. Kaulana lākou no ka leo leo sonorous, ko lākou maka nui a me ko lākou ʻano maʻamau i ka pō. Aia ma kahi o 100 mau ʻano lemur, me nā lemur catta aiʻole ka lemur huelo, a me ka lemu alaothra, a i ʻole Hapalemur alaotrensis.
kekahi hui o nā kahakaha ʻo lākou nā loris, like loa me nā lemur, akā nā kamaʻāina o nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua. Mawaena o kona laha mākou kahi highlightuli i ka loris ʻulaʻula lahilahi (loris tardigradus), kahi ʻano mea hoʻoweliweli loa mai Sri Lanka, a i ʻole ka loris lohi o Bengal (ʻO Nycticebus bengalensis).
haplorrhine
Halplorrine he primates ihu maʻalahi, ua lilo ka hapa o ko lākou hiki olfactory. ʻO kahi hui nui nui ka nā mea hoʻolimalima kālā. Noho kēia mau primates ma Indonesia a manaʻo ʻia he holoholona diabolō ma muli o ko lākou helehelena. No nā ʻano maʻamau i ka pō, nui nā maka o lākou, nā manamana lōʻihi loa a me kahi kino liʻiliʻi. nā hui ʻelua strepsirrhine a ʻo ka nā mea hoʻolimalima kālā manaʻo ʻia he prosimians.
ʻO ka pūʻulu ʻelua o ka haplorrhine he mau moʻo, a ua mahele pinepine ʻia lākou i nā moʻo o ka Honua Hou, nā moʻo kahiko o ka Honua, a me nā hominids.
- nā moʻo honua hou: noho kēia mau primates a pau ma Central a me ʻAmelika Hema. Ma waena o lākou ʻike mākou i nā ʻīlio howler (genus Alouatta), nā moʻo pō (genus Austrus) a me nā moʻo punawelewele (genus Atheles).
- nā moʻo kahiko o ka honua: noho kēia mau primates ma ʻApelika a me ʻAsia. He mau moʻo lākou me ka huelo ʻole o prehensile, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he catarrhines no ka mea he ihu ko lākou, a he mau callus hoʻi kā lākou ma ka ʻūhā. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia hui e nā baboons (genus ʻO Theropithecus), nā moʻo (genus ʻakaʻaka), cercopithecines (genus ʻO Cercopithecus) a me colobus (genus colobus).
- hominids: ʻo lākou nā primate tailless, a me catarrhine hoʻi. Pili ke kanaka i kēia hui, āna e kaʻana like ai me ka gorillas (genus gorila), chimpanzees (ke ʻano ipu hao), bonobos (ʻano ipu hao) a me nā orangutan (genus Pong).
Makemake i nā primates ʻole kanaka? E nānā pū kekahi: Ke ʻano o ka moʻo
evolution evolution
Ma evolution kūloko, ka fossil pili loa i nā primates o kēia manawa a i ʻole nā primates mai ka hopena o Eocene (ma kahi o 55 miliona mau makahiki i hala). I ka Miocene mua (25 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei), ua ʻano like nā ʻano like me kēia lā. Aia kahi hui i loko o nā primata i kāhea ʻia plesiadapiform a i ʻole archaic, Paleocene primates (65 - 55 miliona mau makahiki) e hōʻike ana i kekahi mau ʻano primate, ʻoiai ua manaʻo ʻia ua ʻano holoholona nei ua ʻano ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka ʻike mua ʻia ʻana o primates a lilo i mea ʻole, no laila ʻaʻole pili lākou iā lākou.
Wahi a nā fossil i loaʻa, ʻo ka primata mua Hoʻololi ʻia nā mea i ʻike ʻia i ke ola arboreal a nui nā hiʻohiʻona nui e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia hui, e like me ka iwi poʻo, nā niho a me ka iwi i ka nui. Ua loaʻa kēia mau mōʻalihaku ma ʻAkau ʻAkau, ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia.
ʻO nā fossil mua mai ka Middle Eocene i loaʻa ma Kina a pili i nā ʻohana mua (Eosimians), a ua pau. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona Fossil e pili ana i nā ʻohana make Adapidae a me Omomyidae i ʻike ʻia ma ʻAigupita.
Hoʻopaʻa ka moʻolelo fossil i nā hui primate e noho nei, koe wale nō ka lemur Maleko, ʻaʻohe ona fossil o nā kūpuna. I kekahi ʻaoʻao, aia nā mōʻalihaku mai kona hui kaikuahine, nā lorisiformes. Ua loaʻa kēia mau koena ma Kenya a ma kahi o 20 miliona mau makahiki, ʻoiai e hōʻike ana nā mea hou i ka noho ʻana he 40 miliona mau makahiki i hala. No laila, ʻike mākou ua hoʻokaʻawale nā lemur a me nā lorisiformes ma mua o 40 miliona mau makahiki i hala a hana i kahi suborder o nā primates i kapa ʻia ʻo strepsirrhines.
ʻO ka suborder ʻē aʻe o nā primates, nā haplorrhines, i hōʻike ʻia ma Kina i ka Middle Eocene, me nā infraorder tarsiiformes. ʻO ka infraorder ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā keko, ʻike ʻia 30 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei i ka Oligocene.
ʻ kū mai o ka genus Homo, nona ke kanaka, ua kū 7 miliona mau makahiki i hala ma ʻApelika. Ke ʻike ʻole ʻia ka bipedalism. Aia kekahi fossil Kenyan o koe wale kekahi mau iwi lōʻihi e waiho ana i kahi mana locomotion bipedal. ʻO ka fossil ʻike maka loa o ka bipedalism mai 3.4 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ma mua o ka kaulana Lucy fossil (Australopithecus afarensis).
Inā makemake ʻoe e heluhelu hou aku i nā ʻatikala e like me ʻO ke kumu a me ka evolution o primata, Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e komo i kā mākou Curiosities ʻāpana o ka honua holoholona.