Anter
- Ehia mau ʻano makika ma laila?
- Nā ʻano o nā namu nui
- Nā ʻano makika liʻiliʻi
- Aedes
- Anopheles
- culex
- Nā ʻano makika e ka ʻāina a me / a i ʻole ka ʻāina
- Palakila
- Kepania
- Mekiko
- ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada
- ʻAmelika Hema
- ʻAsia
- ʻApelika
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo mosquito, stilt a i ʻole ilo Hoʻohana ʻia e kuhikuhi i kahi hui o nā ʻeneka pili kikoʻī i ka ʻoka Diptera, kahi huaʻōlelo ʻo "ʻēheu ʻelua". ʻOiai ʻaʻohe o ka hoʻokaʻina ʻauhau ʻana o kēia huaʻōlelo, ua pāhola ʻia kona hoʻohana ʻana no laila ua maʻa kāna noi, ʻoiai i loko o nā ʻano ʻepekema.
ʻAʻohe hopena o kekahi o kēia mau holoholona i ke olakino o nā kānaka a ʻaʻohe pōʻino. Eia nō naʻe, he mau makika weliweli kekahi, nā transmitter o kekahi mau maʻi koʻikoʻi i hoʻokumu i nā pilikia olakino lehulehu i nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua. Eia ma PeritoAnimal, hōʻike mākou i kahi ʻatikala e pili ana ʻano makika, i hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o ka hui a ma kahi o nā ʻāina kikoʻī i loaʻa ai lākou. Heluhelu maikaʻi.
Ehia mau ʻano makika ma laila?
E like me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ke aupuni holoholona, ʻaʻole paʻa paʻa ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā makika, ʻoiai ke hoʻomau nei nā haʻawina filogenetic, a me nā loiloi o nā mea entomological. Eia nō naʻe, aia ka helu o nā ʻano makika i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa 3.531[1], akā e māhuahua loa paha kēia helu.
ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o nā ʻano kolo i kapa mau ʻia he moʻo, ʻūlū a me nā namu, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻiʻo ʻelua i ʻohana ʻelua a me nā kikoʻī penei:
- Kauoha: Diptera
- Pākuʻi leo: nematocera
- Infraorder: Culicomorph
- ʻohana ʻohana: Culicoidea
- Ohana: Culicidae
- Nā ʻohana ʻohana: Culicinae lāua ʻo Anophelinae
ka ʻohana ʻohana Mahele ʻia ʻo Culicinae i 110 genera, ʻOiai Māhele ʻia ʻo Anophelina i ʻekolu moʻopuna, i hoʻolaha ʻia ma ka honua a puni ka honua, me ka ʻokoʻa o Antarctica.
Nā ʻano o nā namu nui
Ma loko o ke kaʻina o Diptera, aia kahi infraorder i kapa ʻia ʻo Tipulomorpha, i kūlike i ka ʻohana Tipulidae, nona ka helu nui loa o Diptera i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo "tipula", "lele crane" a i ʻole "namu nunui’ [2]. ʻOiai kēia inoa, ʻaʻole pili ka hui i nā makika maoli, akā kāhea ʻia lākou ma muli o kekahi ʻano like.
He pōkole ke ola o kēia mau mea kolo, maʻamau me nā kino lahilahi a palupalu e ana, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole i nā wāwae, ma waena o 3 a ʻoi aku ma mua o 60mm. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻokoʻa nui e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai nā makika maoli ʻo ia ka tipulid i mau waha waha palupalu e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia, e hana ana i kahi ʻano o ka ihu, a lākou e hoʻohana ai e hānai i ka nectar a me ka kohu, akā ʻaʻole ma ke koko e like me nā makika.
ʻO kekahi ʻano i kūkulu i ka ʻohana Tipulidae:
- ʻO Neprotoma appendiculata
- brachypremna breviventris
- auricular tipula
- Tipula pseudovariipennis
- Tipula nui loa
Nā ʻano makika liʻiliʻi
ʻO nā makika ʻoiaʻiʻo, i kapa ʻia he makika ma kekahi mau wahi, no ka ʻohana Culicidae a ʻano nui ʻia e ka ʻano makika liʻiliʻi, me nā kino elongated e ana ana ma waena 3 a me 6 mm, koe wale nō kekahi ʻano o ka genus Toxorhynchites, a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 20 mm. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kekahi mau ʻano i ka hui ke alo o a waha waha hānai, me kahi e hiki ai i kekahi (kikoʻī wahine) ke hānai i ke koko ma o ka hou ʻana i ka ʻili o ka mea hoʻokipa.
He hematophagous nā wahine, ʻoiai no ka oʻo ʻana o nā hua, pono nā huaora kikoʻī i loaʻa iā lākou mai ke koko. ʻAʻole ʻai kekahi i ke koko a hāʻawi i kā lākou mau pono i ka waihona a i ʻole ke kohu, akā aia nō ia i loko o kēia pilina me nā kānaka a i ʻole kekahi mau holoholona e hoʻoili ai kēia mau mea kolo i nā koʻohune, nā mea ʻino a i ʻole nā protozoa e hana i nā maʻi nui a . I kēia manaʻo, aia i ka hui o Culicidae a mākou e loaʻa ai makika weliweli.
Aedes
ʻO kekahi o kēia mau makika liʻiliʻi ʻo ia ka genus Aedes, ʻo ia paha ka genus o ʻoi aku ka nui o ka epidemiological, no ka mea i loko o laila ʻike mākou i kekahi mau laha hiki ke lawe i nā maʻi e like me ka wela melemele, dengue, Zika, chikungunya, canine heartworm, Mayaro virus a me filariasis. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia he hiʻona paʻa loa, nui nā ʻano o ka genus i nā kaula keʻokeʻo a eleʻele i loko o ke kino, me nā wāwae, i hiki ke kūpono no ka ʻike ʻana. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā lālā o ka pūʻulu e puʻunaue i ka tropical tropical, me nā ʻano laha wale i hāʻawi ʻia i nā wahi mamao loa mai nā tropics.
ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka genes Aedes:
- Aedes aegypti
- ʻAedes afrika
- ʻAede albopictus (makika makika)
- ʻākala huluhulu
- ʻO Aedes taeniorhynchus
Anopheles
ʻO ka genus Anopheles kahi hoʻolaha honua ma ʻAmelika, ʻEulopa, ʻAsia, ʻApelika a me Oceania, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā wahi mehana, subtropical a me tropical. Ma loko o ka Anopheles ʻike mākou i mau makika weliweli, e like me kekahi o lākou e hiki ai ke hoʻoili i nā parasite like ʻole e kumu i ka malaria. Hoʻokumu kekahi i ka maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo lymphatic filariasis a hiki i ka lawe ʻana a me ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka poʻe me nā ʻano maʻi maʻi pathogenic.
ʻO kekahi ʻano o ka moʻomeheu Anopheles:
- Anopheles Gambia
- Anopheles atroparvirus
- Anopheles albimanus
- Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Anopheles
- Anopheles quadrimaculatus
culex
ʻO kekahi genus me ke koʻikoʻi olakino i loko o nā makika culex, i loaʻa kekahi mau ʻano nā mea maʻi maʻi nui, e like me nā ʻano encephalitis like ʻole, West Nile virus, filariasis a me ka malaria avian. ʻOkoʻa nā lālā o kēia ʻano mai 4 a 10 mm o, no laila ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he liʻiliʻi a medium. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi mahele cosmopolitan, me kahi o 768 mau ʻano i ʻike ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo ke koʻikoʻi nui loa o nā hihia i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma ʻApelika, ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika Hema.
ʻO kekahi mau laʻana o ka genus Culex:
- culex modestus
- Culex pipiens
- Culex quinquefasciatus
- Culex tritaeniorhynchus
- Culex hānai
Nā ʻano makika e ka ʻāina a me / a i ʻole ka ʻāina
Hoʻolahalaha ākea loa kekahi ʻano o nā makika, ʻoiai aia kekahi ma ke ʻano kikoʻī i kekahi mau ʻāina. E nānā i kekahi mau hihia:
Palakila
Ma aneʻi e hōʻike mākou i nā ʻano makika e lawe i nā maʻi i ka ʻāina.
- Aedes aegypti - lawe iā Dengue, Zika a me Chikungunya.
- ʻAede albopictus- hoʻoili i ka maʻi dengue a me ka Fever Yellow.
- Culex quinquefasciatus - lawe iā Zika, Elephantiasis a me West Nile Fever.
- ʻO Haemagogus a me Sabethes - lawe i ka maʻi kuni Yellow
- Anopheles - he vector o ka protozoan Plasmodium, hiki ke hana i ka Malaria
- ʻO Phlebotome - lawe iā Leishmaniasis
Kepania
Ua loaʻa iā mākou nā ʻano makika me ka hoihoi ʻole o ka lāʻau, e like me, Culex laticinctus, culexhortensis, culexwao akua aculex Teritori, ʻoiai he mea nui nā mea ʻē aʻe mai kahi kuanaʻike olakino no ko lākou mākaukau ma ke ʻano he vektor. ʻO ia ka hihia o ka Culex mimeticus, culex modestus, Culex pipiens, Culex theileri, Anopheles claviger, Anopheles plumbeus a Anopheles atroparvirus, ma waena o kekahi. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo he loaʻa nō kēia ʻano laha i ka hāʻawi ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa.
Mekiko
Aia 247 ʻano makika i ʻike ʻia, akā hapa o kēia mau mea i ka hopena i ke olakino kanaka. [3]. Ma waena o nā ʻano i hiki i kēia ʻāina i hiki ke lawe i nā maʻi, ʻike mākou i ka Aedes aegypti, ʻo ia ka pōpoki o nā maʻi e like me dengue, chikungunya a me zika; Anopheles albimanus a ʻO Anopheles pseudopunctipennis, nāna e lawe i ka malaria; a aia pū kekahi ke alo o Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus, ke kumu o ka encephalitis.
ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada
Hiki ke ʻimi i kekahi ʻano o nā makika, e laʻa me: ʻO Culex Territans, me ka ʻole o ke koʻikoʻi olakino. Malaria kekahi ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau ma muli o Anopheles quadrimaculatus. I kēia māhele, akā kaupalena ʻia i kekahi mau wahi o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a ma lalo hoʻi, ka Aedes aegyptihiki ke loaʻa i kahi alo.
ʻAmelika Hema
I nā ʻāina e like me Colombia a me Venezuela, me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ka laha Anopheles nuneztovari ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu o ka malaria. Pēlā nō, ʻoiai me ka laulā ʻoi o ka mahele e hoʻopili ana i ka ʻākau, ka Anopheles albimanushoʻoili pū i ka maʻi hope. Me ke kanalua ʻole, ʻo kekahi o nā lāhui i hoʻolaha nui ʻia i ka ʻāina ʻo ia ka Aedes aegypti. Ua loaʻa iā mākou kekahi o nā ʻano laha weliweli he 100 i ka honua, hiki ke lawe i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole, ka ʻAede albopictus.
ʻAsia
Hiki iā mākou ke haʻi i ka laha Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Anopheles, he aha ke kumu o ka malaria i nā keko. Eia kekahi ma kēia māhele ka latop anopheles, ʻo ia he vector o ka malaria i loko o ke kanaka a me nā ʻīlio a me nā kolo. ʻO kekahi laʻana ʻo ia ka anopheles stephensi, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kumu o ka maʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia.
ʻApelika
I ka hihia o ʻApelika, kahi ākea kahi i hoʻolaha ʻia ai nā maʻi ʻokoʻa e nā nahu makika, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i ke ʻano o nā ʻano aʻe: aedes luteocephalus, Aedes aegypti, ʻAedes afrika a ʻO Aedes vittatus, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea hope loa e pili ana i ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia.
E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai, eia kekahi o nā laʻana he nui o nā ʻano makika e noho nei, no ka mea ākea ka ʻokoʻa. I nā ʻāina he nui, ua kāohi ʻia kekahi o kēia mau maʻi a ua hoʻopau ʻia hoʻi, ʻoiai i kekahi poʻe aia mau lākou. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona nui loa ma muli o ka hoʻololi i ke aniau, ke hoʻomehana nei nā wahi like ʻole, i ʻae ai i kekahi mau vīpeka e hoʻonui i kā lākou radius mahele a no laila e hoʻouna i kekahi o nā maʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe ma luna kahi i noho ʻole ai lākou ma mua.
Inā makemake ʻoe e heluhelu hou aku i nā ʻatikala e like me Nā ʻano Mamo, Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e komo i kā mākou Curiosities ʻāpana o ka honua holoholona.