Anter
- he aha ka symbiosis
- Symbiosis: wehewehe e like me ka puke wehewehe Priberam
- Nā ʻano o ka symbiosis
- Mutualism
- ʻO Commensalism
- Palekana
- nā laʻana symbiosis
- Mutualism
- Commensalism:
- Palekana:
- kānaka symbiosis:
- endosymbiosis
I ke kūlohelohe, nā meaola āpau, nā holoholona, nā mea kanu a me nā bacteria paha. hana i nā paʻa a hoʻokumu i nā pilina mai nā lālā o ka ʻohana like i nā kānaka o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa. Hiki iā mākou ke nānā i nā pilina ma waena o ka predator a me kāna mea pio, nā mākua a me kāna moʻopuna, a i ʻole nā pilina i hala mua ma mua o kā mākou ʻike.
Ua lohe paha ʻoe i kekahi mea e pili ana i kēia kau? I kēia ʻatikala na Animal Expert, e wehewehe mākou i nā mea āpau e pili ana symbiosis i ka biology: ka wehewehe a me nā laʻana. Mai haʻalele iā ia!
he aha ka symbiosis
ʻO De Bary ka huaʻōlelo symbiosis i ka biology ka noho like ʻana o nā meaola ʻelua a ʻoi pili pili ʻole ʻia i ka phylogeny (ka hanauna ma waena o nā laha), ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole pili lākou i nā ʻano like. Manaʻo pinepine ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka huaʻōlelo i ka manaʻo o ka symbiosis ka pilina ma waena o nā mea ola ʻelua kahi e pōmaikaʻi ai nā meaola, ʻoiai inā ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole.
Pono ka hui paʻa mau ma waena o kēia mau kānaka hiki ʻole ke kaʻawale. ʻO nā meaola i komo i loko o kahi symbiosis i kapa ʻia ʻo "symbionts" a hiki ke pōmaikaʻi iā ia, e ʻeha a hōʻeha ʻole i ka hopena o ka hui.
I kēia mau pilina, hana pinepine ia ʻaʻole kaulike nā meaola i ka nui a mamao loa i ka filogeny. ʻO kahi laʻana, nā pilina ma waena o nā holoholona kiʻekiʻe aʻe a me nā microorganism a i ʻole ma waena o nā mea kanu a me nā microorganism, kahi e noho ai nā microorganism i loko o kēlā me kēia.
Symbiosis: wehewehe e like me ka puke wehewehe Priberam
E hōʻike pōkole i ke ʻano o ka symbiosis, hāʻawi mākou i ka wehewehe Priberam [1]:
1. f. (Biology) Hoʻohui pānaʻi o ʻelua a ʻoi mau meaola ʻokoʻa e ʻae iā lākou e noho me ka pōmaikaʻi.
Nā ʻano o ka symbiosis
Ma mua o ko mākou hāʻawi ʻana i kekahi mau laʻana, pono ia ʻike ʻoe he aha nā ʻano o ka symbiosis na:
Mutualism
I kahi symbiosis mutualistic, nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua pōmaikaʻi mai ka pilina. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka nui a hiki i kēlā me kēia keu pono symbiote a paʻakikī pinepine e ana. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi e loaʻa i kahi symbiote mai kahi hui like pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia e pili ana i ke kumukūʻai e uku ai iā ia. ʻAʻohe paha laʻana o ka mutualism kahi e pono like ai nā hoa ʻelua.
ʻO Commensalism
ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ua wehewehe ʻia kēia huaʻōlelo i ʻekolu mau makahiki ma mua o ka symbiosis. Kāhea mākou i ka commensalism kēlā mau pilina i kahi loaʻa i kekahi o nā ʻaoʻao nā keu pono me ka ʻole o ka hōʻeha a hoʻomaikaʻi paha i kekahi. Hoʻohana mākou i ka huaʻōlelo commensalism i loko o kāna ʻano koʻikoʻi loa, ʻo ka pōmaikaʻi wale nō ia no kekahi o nā symbionts a hiki ke lilo i nutritional a pale paha.
Palekana
ʻO Parasitism kahi pilina symbiotic kahi ʻo kekahi o nā symbionts keu pono ma ka lilo o kekahi. ʻO ka mea mua i ka parasitism ka meaʻai, ʻoiai hiki i nā kumu ʻē aʻe ke loaʻa: loaʻa ka parasite i kāna meaʻai mai ke kino a parasitizes ia. Hoʻopili kēia ʻano simbiosis i ka mea hoʻokipa ma nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO kekahi mau parasite pathogenic e hana lākou i kahi maʻi ma hope koke o ke komo ʻana i ka mea hoʻokipa. I kekahi mau hui, ua ulu like nā symbionts i mea e hoʻonāukiuki ʻole ʻia ai ka make ʻana o ka mea hoʻokipa (ʻo ka meaola i hoʻomalu ʻia), a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka pilina simbiotic.
E hālāwai me 20 mau holoholona frugivorous i kēia ʻatikala PeritoAnimal.
nā laʻana symbiosis
ʻo kēia kekahi nā laʻana symbiosis:
Mutualism
- ʻO ka symbiosis ma waena o nā limu a me nā koʻa: ʻo nā ʻākoʻako nā holoholona e ulu pono i ka media-deficit media ma muli o kā lākou pilina simbiotic me nā limu. Hāʻawi kēia i ka meaʻai a me ka oxygen, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻākoʻakoʻa e hāʻawi i nā limu limu me nā koena i koe e like me ka nitrogen a me ka nitrogen dioxide.
- ʻO ka clownfish a me ke kai anemone: ʻike maoli ʻoe i kēia hiʻohiʻona i nā manawa he nui. Loaʻa i ka anemone kai (ʻohana jellyfish) kahi mea pungent e hōʻino ai i kāna mea pio. Loaʻa i ka clownfish ke kōkua mai kēia pilina no ka mea loaʻa iā ia ka pale a me ka meaʻai, ʻoiai ke kiʻi nei i kēlā me kēia lā i ka anemone o nā parasite liʻiliʻi a me ka lepo, ʻo ia ka pōmaikaʻi i loaʻa iā lākou.
Commensalism:
- Ka pilina ma waena o ka iʻa kālā a me ka nunu: noho kēia mea kolo me nā naonao, ke kali nei no lākou e lawe mai i ka meaʻai e hānai ai. ʻO kēia pilina, i kūʻē i ka mea a mākou e noʻonoʻo ai, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻino a pōmaikaʻi paha i nā naonao, ʻoiai e hoʻopau wale ka iʻa kālā i kahi nui o nā waihona meaʻai.
- ʻO ka hale lāʻau: ʻo kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona maopopo loa o ka commensalism kahi mea e ʻimi ai kahi holoholona i nā lālā a i ʻole nā kumu lāʻau. ʻO ka mea kanu, ʻaʻole loaʻa i kekahi ʻeha a pōmaikaʻi paha i kēia pilina.
Palekana:
- ʻO Fleas a me ka ʻīlio (laʻana o ka parasitism): he laʻana kēia e hiki ai iā mākou ke nānā maʻalahi i ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻohana ka leʻaleʻa i ka ʻīlio ma kahi e noho ai a hānau ai, me ka hānai ʻana i kona koko. ʻAʻole pōmaikaʻi ka ʻīlio mai kēia pilina, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā ʻutu ke lawe i nā maʻi i nā ʻīlio.
- ʻO ka cuckoo (laʻana o ka parasitism): manu ʻo cuckoo e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka pūnana o nā laha ʻē aʻe. Ke hōʻea ʻo ia i kahi pūnana me nā hua manu, hoʻoneʻe ʻo ia iā lākou, waiho i kāna iho a me nā lau. Ke hōʻea nā manu nāna nā hua i hoʻoneʻe ʻia, ʻaʻole lākou e nānā a hana i nā hua o ka cuckoo.
kānaka symbiosis:
- ʻO ka manu alakaʻi o ka meli a me ka Masai: i ʻApelika, aia kahi manu e alakaʻi i ka Masai i nā hives hūnā ʻia i nā kumulāʻau. Hahai nā kānaka i ka nalo meli a ʻohiʻohi i ka meli, me ka waiho manu ʻole ʻana e lawe i ka meli me ka hoʻoweliweli ʻole o ka pi.
- Ka pilina me nā bacteria: i loko o ka ʻōpū o ke kanaka a i ka ʻili, aia kekahi mau bacteria maikaʻi e pale iā mākou a kōkua iā mākou i ke olakino, me ka ʻole o kā mākou ola.
endosymbiosis
KA kumumanaʻo endosymbiosis, i ka pōkole, wehewehe i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ʻelua prokaryotic cells (bacteria, ʻo kahi laʻana) nāna i hāpai i mālamalama (organelle ke kuleana no ka photosynthesis i nā hunaola mea kanu) a mitochondria (kuleana nā organelles no ka hanu ʻana o ke kelepona i nā pūnaewele kanu a me nā holoholona).
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lilo ke aʻo ʻana i ka symbiosis a aʻo ʻepekema a ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ʻaʻole pili ka symbiosis i kahi pilina paʻa, akā hiki ke hōʻike iā ia iho i nā ʻano he nui, e like me commensalism a i ʻole parasitism. ʻO kahi mutualism paʻa kahi e hāʻawi ai ka hāʻawi o kēlā me kēia meaola i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
