Pehea ka lōʻihi e ala ai ka pōpoki mai ka anesthesia?

Mea Kākau: John Stephens
Lā O Ka Hana: 25 Ianuali 2021
HōʻAno Hou I Ka Lā: 27 Iune 2024
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10 kg of MEAT in KAZAN‼️ a lot of ESTRAGON‼️ Odessa Archimus
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Anter

Nui nā kumu e hoʻowalewale ʻia ai ka pōpoki a i ʻole anesthetized, mai ka huhū a makaʻu paha i kahi kipa veterinarian a i ʻole no nā kaʻina hana liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​hana nui. ka anesthesia, ʻo ka mea nui hoʻi, palekana loa ia, kūlike ʻole i ka manaʻo o nā kumu he nui, e like me ka ʻike o nā lāʻau i kēia manawa, ʻo ka pākēneka o ka make mai anesthesia ma lalo o 0.5%.

Akā pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ala ʻana o ka pōpoki mai ka anesthesia? He aha ka manawa i manaʻo ʻia ai ka pōpoki e ola hou ma hope o ke kahakaha ʻana? I loko o kēia ʻatikala na PeritoAnimal, haʻi mākou iā ʻoe i nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka anesthesia a me ka hoʻohiamoe ʻana i nā pōpoki, he aha ka mea e hana ai ma mua, nā pae, nā hopena, nā lāʻau a me kona hoʻōla. Heluhelu maikaʻi.


Ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o sedative a me anesthesia

Kuhi ka poʻe he nui i ka sedation me ka anesthesia, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻelua mau kaʻina ʻokoʻa loa. KA hoʻomālie Aia ia i loko o kahi mokuʻāina o ke kikowaena ʻōnaehana kaumaha kahi e hiamoe ai nā holoholona me ka pane liʻiliʻi a pane ʻole paha i nā stimuli o waho. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ka anesthesia, ka mea i hiki i kahi a i ʻole ka laulā, ʻo ka mea nui e lilo ana ka nalo ʻana o ka manaʻo nui e ka hypnosis, ka hoʻomaha ʻana o nā mākala a me ka analgesia.

Eia nō naʻe, ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana i kāu pōpoki i ke ʻoki kino, e kamaʻilio pū kāu kauka holoholona iā ʻoe e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo mua-anesthetic. He mea nui loa kēia e loiloi i ke kūlana olakino o kāu hoa wahine a hoʻolālā i ka protocol anesthetic ʻoi loa no kāu hihia. Loaʻa kēia i:

  • Hoʻopiha i ka mōʻaukala olakino (nā maʻi a me nā lāʻau e kū nei)
  • Ninaninau kino (nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi, nā membrane mucous, ka manawa hoʻopihapiha capillary a me ke kūlana o ke kino)
  • Nānā koko a me ka biochemistry
  • Loiloi mimi
  • Electrocardiogram e loiloi i ka mokuʻāina o ka puʻuwai
  • I kekahi mau hihia, ʻo nā radiographs a i ʻole ultrasound

Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka sedation no ka pōpoki?

Pili ka manawa hoʻonanea o ka pōpoki i ke ʻano o nā kaʻina hana i hana ʻia, kahi e ʻokoʻa ai e like me ka lōʻihi a me ka ikaika o ke kaʻina hana a me ka loli feline. E hoʻonanea ai i kahi pōpoki, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hui pū ʻana o nā sedative, tranquilizers a i ʻole analgesics, e like me kēia:


Phenothiazines (acepromazine)

Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka sedation no kahi pōpoki me nā phenothiazines? Ma kahi o 4 mau hola. He sedative kēia e lōʻihi ana i 20 mau minuke e hana, akā me ka hopena o 4 mau hola ma ka awelika. pono ka holoholona oxygenated inā hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he sedative ma muli o ke kaumaha o ka maʻi puʻuwai e hana ai. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia e:

  • Antiemetic (ʻaʻole kumu o ka luaʻi)
  • hoʻoluʻu hohonu
  • ʻAʻohe ona antagonist, no laila e ala ka pōpoki ke hoʻohua ʻia ka lāʻau
  • Bradycardia (haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka puʻuwai)
  • Hypotension (ke koko haʻahaʻa) o a i 6 mau hola i ka lōʻihi
  • Mai hana i ka analgesia
  • hoʻomaha hoʻohaʻahaʻa mākala

ʻO Alpha-2 agonists (xylazine, medetomidine a me dexmedetomidine)

Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke kau ʻana i ka pōpoki me nā agonists alpha-2? He sedative maikaʻi lākou e lawe i nā minuke he 15 nui e hana a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻohiamoe ʻana, ma kahi o 2 mau hola. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi antagonist (atipamezole), no laila inā hoʻohana ʻia, e ala lākou i kahi manawa pōkole me ka kali ʻole ʻana i ka manawa kūpono a hiki i ka pau ʻana o ka hopena sedative. Pono e oxygenated ma muli o nā hopena o ka maʻi maʻi a lākou e hana ai:


  • Hoʻomaha hoʻomaha mākala maikaʻi.
  • Analgesia kaulike.
  • Emetic (hoʻoulu i ka luaʻi).
  • Bradycardia.
  • Hypotension.
  • Hypothermia (kulu i ke ana wela o ke kino).
  • Diuresis (ʻoi aku ka hana mimi).

Benzodiazepines (diazepam a me midazolam)

Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka sedation no kahi pōpoki me benzodiazepines? Mai 30 mau minuke i 2 mau hola. ʻO Benzodiazepines nā mea hoʻomaha e lawe i ka palena o 15 mau minuke i loaʻa kahi antagonist (flumacenil) a hana i nā hopena aʻe:

  • hoʻomaha hoʻomaha mānoanoa
  • ʻAʻohe ona hopena ma ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular
  • mai hōʻoluʻolu
  • Mai hana i ka analgesia

Opioids (butorphanol, morphine, methadone, fentanyl a me pethidine)

Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke kau ʻana o ka pōpoki me nā opioids? Ma kahi o ʻelua hola. ʻO nā Opioids he analgesics maikaʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i nā manawa he nui me nā mea hoʻohiamoe e hāʻawi i ka sedation a i ʻole e hoʻomākaukau i ka pōpoki no ka anesthesia. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine lākou i ke kikowaena cardiorespiratory a ʻo kekahi, e like me ka morphine, he emetic. I ka wā i hala, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā opioids, e like me morphine, ua hōʻino ʻia i nā pōpoki ma muli o kā lākou hopena stimulant. I kēia mau lā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia me ka pilikia ʻole, akā mālama i nā ana, ke ala, ka papa kuhikuhi a me ka hoʻohuihui ʻana o nā lāʻau, no ka mea, kū aʻe nā pilikia inā lākou e overdosed, e hana ana i ka disphoria, delirium, excitability motor a me ka hopu ʻana.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ka butorphanol e hana ai i ka analgesia liʻiliʻi a hoʻohana ʻia i ka sedation a i ʻole no ka premedication ma mua o ka anesthesia nui, methadone a me fentanyl ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia ʻano no. kāohi i ka ʻeha i ka wā o ke kaha ʻana ma muli o ka nui o ka ikaika analgesic. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi antagonist e hoʻohuli i kā lākou hopena i kapa ʻia ʻo naloxone.

No laila, pili ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻomaha ma muli o ka pika ponoʻī o ka pōpoki a me ka mokuʻāina. ʻO ka awelika ma kahi o 2 mau hola inā ʻaʻole e hoʻohuli i ka sedation me ka antagonist. Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha mau lāʻau mai nā papa like ʻole, ʻae ia e hoʻonui i nā hopena lāʻau i makemake ʻia a, no laila, e hōʻemi i nā lāʻau a Nā hopena ʻaoʻao. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o ka butorphanol me ka midazolam a me ka dexmedetomidine he mea maikaʻi loa e hoʻonanea i kahi pōpoki hopohopo, ʻeha, hoʻokaumaha a hakakā paha i ke kūkākūkā ʻana, a me ka loaʻa ʻana i kahi antagonist e hoʻohuli ai i nā hopena, hiki i ka home ke ala a hiamoe iki paha.

Pehea ka lōʻihi e ala ai ka pōpoki mai ka anesthesia?

lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka pōpoki hola, emi a mau paha mau hola e ala aʻe mai ka anesthesia. Aia kēia i ke kaʻina hana a me nā kūlana olakino o ka pōpoki. No laila, he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i nā kaʻina anesthetic me nā ʻehā mau hanana:

Papa 1: premedication

ʻO kāu pahuhopu nui e hoʻokumu i kahi "moena anesthetic" e hoʻemi i ka hopena o nā anesthetics e hiki mai ana, e hōʻemi ana i nā hopena o ka hopena hilinaʻi, hoʻemi i ke koʻikoʻi, ka makaʻu a me ka ʻeha o ka pōpoki. Hana ʻia kēia ma ka lawelawe ʻana i nā hui like ʻole o nā mea hoʻohiamoe, nā mea hoʻomaha i nā mākala, a me nā mea hōʻoluʻolu ʻeha a mākou i kūkākūkā ai i ka ʻāpana mua.

Mokuna 2: hoʻokomo anesthetic

Ma ka lawelawe ʻana i kahi anesthetic induction i hoʻokomo ʻia, e like me alfaxalone, ketamine a propofol paha e lilo ai ka pōpoki i kāna reflexes a, no laila, e ʻae i ka intubation (ka hoʻokomo ʻana o kahi paipu i ka trakea feline no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka anesthetic inhaled) e hoʻomau i ke kaʻina anesthetic.

ʻO kēia mau ʻano ma hope mau ma kahi o 20-30 mau minuke i ka huina a hiki i ka hopena o nā lāʻau a ʻae i ka hana hou.

Papa 3: mālama

Aia i loko o ka hoʻoponopono mau o kahi ʻākena anesthetic, a i ʻole ke ʻano o:

  • Inhalation: (e like me isoflurane) me analgesia (opioids e like me fentanyl, methadone a i ʻole morphine) a me / a i ʻole non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug e like me meloxicam e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka ʻeha a me ka huehue hope. Hiki ke lawelawe ʻia ka hope i ka hopena o anesthesia pū me ka lāʻau antibiotic e pale ai i nā maʻi kūpono.
  • kūpomo: Propofol a me alfaxalone i ka infusion mau a i ʻole ka bolus hou me kahi opioid ikaika e like me fentanyl a methadone paha. ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana ma mua o hoʻokahi hola a ʻelua paha i nā pōpoki e hōʻalo i ka hoʻihoʻi lohi, keu hoʻi me propofol.
  • Intramuscular: ketamine a me opioid no nā hana pōkole he 30 mau minuke. Inā makemake ʻia ka manawa hou, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i ka mahele ʻelua o ka ketamine intramuscular, akā ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 50% o ka hopena mua.

Lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o kēia pae a e hilinaʻi ia i ke ʻano o ke kaha ʻana ka mea e hoʻokau ʻia ai kāu pōpoki. Inā he hoʻomaʻemaʻe, a puni hoʻokahi hola; he castration, he mea hou aku, e like me ka lawe ʻana i nā biopsies; inā ʻoe e hana ma kahi kino haole, e like me nā kinipōpō lauoho, e liʻuliʻu iki paha ia, ʻoiai inā he hana trauma ia, hope paha lākou mau hola. Aia nō ia i ka mākau a ka mea hoʻopuka a hiki i nā kōpena intraoperative hiki.

Papa 4: hoʻōla

Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka anesthesia, Hoʻomaka ka resuscitation, kahi e wikiwiki ai, ʻaʻohe pilikia a ʻaʻohe ʻeha inā mahalo ʻia ke kaʻina hana, nā hui a me nā lāʻau o nā lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia. Pono ʻoe e kiaʻi i kāu mau paʻa, kou kūlana, kou mahana a, ma hope, nā pilikia e like me ke kuni a me ka luaʻi, e hōʻike ana i kahi maʻi. ʻO ka maʻamau, he pōpoki mākua olakino maikaʻi, hānai maikaʻi ʻia, a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ola hou mai anesthesia 2 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻopili a me kāna sequelae 10 mau lā ma hope.

No laila, ʻokoʻa ka lōʻihi o ka anesthesia e like me ka lōʻihi o ke ʻoki ʻana, ka mokuʻāina a me ka metabolism o ka holoholona, ​​nā mākau o ke kauka, nā pilikia, nā lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia a me ka manawa hoʻōla. No laila, e pili ana i ka nīnau e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ka pōpoki e ala aʻe mai ka anesthesia, ʻo ka pane he mau anesthesia ka lōʻihi o hoʻokahi hola a ʻoi paha, ʻo kekahi. hiki ke hala i mau hola. Akā, mai hopohopo, me kahi protocol anesthetic pololei, analgesia, kaohi ʻana i nā mea e pono ai a me ka mahana e ka mea anesthetist, e palekana kāu pōpoki me ka ʻole o ka ʻeha a me ke koʻikoʻi, me ka nānā ʻole i ka lōʻihi o ka anesthesia.

ʻAʻole ola kaʻu pōpoki mai ka anesthesia

ʻO ka manawa e lawe i ka holoholona e hoʻōla mai ka anesthesia e kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nui i lawelawe ʻia, ke ʻano o ka anesthesia i hoʻohana ʻia a me ka pōpoki ponoʻī hoʻi. ʻOiai inā ua hoʻokē ʻai kāu pōpoki liʻiliʻi ma mua o ke kaha ʻana, loaʻa paha iā ia kahi bile a meaʻai i koe i loko o kona ʻōpū a i ʻole manaʻo nausea.

Mai hopohopo, he mea maʻamau inā hoʻohana nā sedative alpha-2 a i ʻole kekahi mau opioids. He mea maʻamau no ka pōpoki ma hope o ka ala ʻana e hele i ka ʻaoʻao disorient a meow paha no ke kumu ʻole, e lawe i kekahi mau hola e ʻai, a i ʻole ka mimiki ikaika loa i kēlā lā e hoʻopau i ka wai keu i lawelawe ʻia me nā wai i ka wā anesthesia. I ka wā o ka hoʻōla hou ʻana o kahi pōpoki neutered, no ka laʻana, pono ia e noho i loko o wahi wela, pouli a noho mālie hoʻi.

i kekahi manawa pōpoki hiki ke lōʻihi ke ala aʻe. E hoʻomanaʻo he ʻokoʻa loa nā pōpoki mai nā ʻīlio mai i nā ʻano like ʻole. I ka anesthesia, ʻaʻole lākou e emi. I ka mea kikoʻī, ʻoi aku ka lohi o ka metabolism o nā lāʻau i loko o nā pōpoki ma mua o nā ʻīlio, no laila hiki ke lōʻihi ka ala ʻana. ʻO kāu pōpoki e hoʻolōʻihi paha ka manawa e hoʻōla ai i ka anesthesia no nā kumu aʻe:

Nā hemahema Enzyme

ʻO kekahi o nā ala nui o ka metabolizing ʻana i nā lāʻau no kā lākou hoʻopau hope ʻana, ʻo kā lākou hui pū ʻia me ka waikawa glucuronic. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i nā pōpoki a Ka nele o ka enzyme glucuronyltransferase, ʻo wai ke kuleana no kēia. Ma muli o kēia, ʻoi aku ka lohi o ka metabolism o nā lāʻau e hoʻohana i kēia ala ke hoʻohana i kahi ʻē aʻe: sulfoconjugation.

ʻO ke kumu o kēia deficit i loaʻa i nā ʻano ʻai o ka felines. Ke noho nei ʻo nā holoholona laka koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala e hoʻomohala i nā ʻōnaehana e metabolize i ka lāʻau phytoalexin. No laila, i loko o nā pōpoki kekahi mau lāʻau (ibuprofen, aspirin, paracetamol a me morphine) pono e hōʻalo a hoʻohana ʻia paha ma nā kaha haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā ʻīlio, ʻaʻohe o kēia pilikia.

Propofol ma ke ʻano he anesthetic

Ka hoʻohana ʻana o propofol i ka mālama ʻana ma ke ʻano he anesthetic no hoʻokahi hola hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa hoʻōla i nā pōpoki. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki i ka anesthesia propofol hou i nā felines ke hana i ka hōʻino oxidative a me ka hana ʻana o nā kino Heinz (hoʻohui ʻia i loko o ka periphery o nā hunaola ʻulaʻula e ka luku ʻia o hemoglobin).

Ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i ka lāʻau

Mālama ke kau paona ʻana o nā pōpoki, keu hoʻi inā liʻiliʻi lākou, no laila hiki ke maʻalahi i ka overdose me ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ʻana o ke kaʻina hana hou. ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka metabolize, i mea e oki ai ka hana ʻana i kā lākou hana. I kēia mau hihia, e hōʻike wale ʻia nā lāʻau antagonist, akā e noʻonoʻo ana i kēlā hiki ke ala koke a me ka disphoric. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻāʻo e ala hou i ka holomua a me ka lohi, me ke kōkua, inā pono, o nā mea hoʻomaha e like me benzodiazepines.

Hypothermia

ʻO ka hypothermia i nā pōpoki a i ʻole ke kulu ʻana o ka mahana o ke kino ka mea maʻamau ma muli o kā lākou liʻiliʻi a me ke kaumaha. ʻO ka nui o ka hāʻule o ka mahana, ʻo ka ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka metabolize ʻana i nā lāʻau, ma muli o ka hoʻemi ʻia o ka hana enzymatic, hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola ʻana a me ka ala ʻana mai ka anesthesia. Pono e pale ʻia kēia ʻano e ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ma luna o ka holoholona a uhi iā ia me nā kapa moe a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā papa ʻoki lāʻau wela, e hoʻopili ana i nā wai i hoʻomehana ʻia, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana o ka lumi mehana ma kahi o 21-24 ºC.

I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i ka lōʻihi o ka ala ʻana o ka pōpoki mai ka anesthesia, hoihoi paha kēia wikiō iā ʻoe ma ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā pōpoki.

Inā makemake ʻoe e heluhelu hou aku i nā ʻatikala e like me Pehea ka lōʻihi e ala ai ka pōpoki mai ka anesthesia?, Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e komo i kā mākou Curiosities ʻāpana o ka honua holoholona.