Anter
- Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa
- Ma hea e makemake ai nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa e noho?
- Pehea e ʻike ai nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa?
- Makapō makapō paha?
- Nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa e hānai i ke koko
Aia kekahi manaʻo kaulana i makapō nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, ma muli o kona hiki i ka neʻe hiki ke neʻe, ma o ka ʻelemakule, ka mea e ʻae ai iā lākou i kahi hoʻonohonoho kūpono a ʻoiai i ka pō. Eia naʻe, he ʻoiaʻiʻo he makapō nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa? ʻOkoʻa ka manaʻo o ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau māmela ʻeleu i ko nā kānaka, a he mau hiki ʻē aʻe ko lākou e hiki ai iā lākou ke ola me ka maikaʻi loa.
Makemake ʻoe e ʻike pehea ʻike ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa? Ma kēia ʻatikala na PeritoAnimal e kamaʻilio hohonu mākou e pili ana i kā lākou ʻike a me nā hiki ke hiki ʻole o kēia mau holoholona. Heluhelu maikaʻi!
Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa
Aia kekahi mau mea ma mua o tausani ʻano ʻōpeʻapeʻa i ka honua, nā mea āpau me nā hiʻohiʻona kū hoʻokahi. Eia nō naʻe, kaʻana like kēia mau ʻano i kekahi mau ʻano, e like me ko lākou nui, hiki ke loli. ma waena o 30 a me 35 kenimika lōʻihi, a me kona kaupaona, ka mea ma ke ʻano nui ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 100 gram. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hoʻokoe, e like me ka ʻŌpeʻapeʻa gula Pilipino (ʻO Acerodon jubatus), hiki i 1.5 mau mika ka lōʻihi, a me ka ʻalopeke lele (Pteropus giganteus), e noho nei ma ʻAsia a me Oceania a hiki ke aneane 2 mau mika i ka ʻēheu.
Uhi ʻia nā kino o nā peʻapeʻa me kahi huluhulu pōkole e kōkua iā lākou e kū i ke anuanu haʻahaʻa. Eia kekahi, hoʻopili ʻia nā manamana mua o kēia mau holoholona i a membrane lahilahi ʻae iā lākou e lele maʻalahi.
Hoʻololi ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻāpana a i nā ʻāpana. ʻAi wale kekahi ʻano ʻōpeʻapeʻa i ka hua, ʻoiai makemake kekahi i nā kolo, amphibians liʻiliʻi, nā māmela, nā manu, a me kekahi e hānai i ke koko.
Ma hea e makemake ai nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa e noho?
ʻO ʻoe noho nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa ma nā wahi āpau, koe wale nō ma nā wahi i haʻahaʻa loa ka mahana. ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka loaʻa ʻana iā lākou i nā wahi kaiāulu a me ka wela, kahi e noho ai lākou lāʻau a me nā ana, ʻoiai lākou i hilinaʻi ai i ka māwae i nā paia a me nā poho hollow.
Inā makaʻu ʻoe iā lākou, ma kēia ʻatikala ʻike ʻoe pehea e makaʻu ai i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa.
Pehea e ʻike ai nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa?
Loaʻa nā ʻōpeʻe i kekahi o nā ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio kamahaʻo loa. He hiki ko lākou i kapa ʻia ʻelemakule, ka mea e ʻae iā lākou e ʻike i nā mea like ʻole i ke aloha haʻahaʻa i nā kani pinepine. Paʻa ka ʻōnaehana o ka echolocation. ʻO ka mea i ʻike ʻia hiki i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o nā hōʻailona hoʻokomo a me nā hōʻailona. ʻO ka hopena, hoʻouna lākou a loaʻa ka ʻike i ka manawa like, e like me ka lohe ʻana o ke kanaka i ko lākou leo ponoʻī ma o ka echo.
Pehea e ʻike ai nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa? I kahi laulā nui, ma o kēia ʻōnaehana echolocation, kahi hiki ke mahalo ʻia i nā hoʻololi anatomical i loko o nā pepeiao a me ka larynx, kahi a mākou e hoʻohui ai i ka mea ʻokoʻa. hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho hakahaka ʻo ia. Hoʻopuka ka holoholona i kahi ultrasound e hoʻomaka i ka larynx a kipaku ʻia ma o ka ihu a i ʻole ka ihu. ʻOhi ka pepeiao i nā nalu kani e ʻōpala aʻe i nā mea a puni a, no laila, hoʻoliʻiliʻi ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa iā ia iho.
Nui a hewahewa ke ʻano o ka eolocation, akā hoʻohana nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i ke kolokolo kiʻekiʻe: ʻae ia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka neʻe a me kahi o ka mea pio. Puka mau lākou i kēia kani ʻoiai e hoʻolohe ana i ke alapine o ka leo e loaʻa iā lākou.
ʻOiai kēia mākaukau nui, aia kekahi mau mea kolo i hoʻomohala i nā mea hoʻoliʻiliʻi e paʻakikī ai i kā lākou mea ʻino e ʻimi iā lākou, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopau i ka ultrasound a hana ʻole i nā leo. Hiki i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ke hana i kāu mau ultrasound ponoʻī e huikau i kēia mau māmele lele.
Makapō makapō paha?
ʻOiai nā moʻolelo a me nā kaʻao e pili ana i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa a me ko lākou makapō, e makaʻala i ʻole, i kēia mau mea hoʻomomona makapō ʻole. Ma ka ʻokoʻa, hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i ka ʻoi aku o ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā māmela ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e ʻoi aku i ka hiki i ke kanaka ke ʻike.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo lākou wale nā mea māmele hiki ke ʻike i ka lā polarized a e hoʻohana ia mea no ka orientation ponoʻī o kekahi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hihiʻo o kēia mau holoholona e ʻae iā lākou e lele i kahi mamao a hoʻonohonoho iā lākou iho, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana i ka echolocation no kēia kumu, no laila hoʻohana wale lākou ia e huakaʻi i nā wahi pōkole i ka pouli.
I ka wā ma mua, manaʻo ʻia he koʻokoʻo wale nā maka o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, ʻo ia nā hunaola photoreceptor e ʻae iā lākou e ʻike i ka pouli. ʻIke ʻia i kēia manawa, ʻoiai ka liʻiliʻi o ko lākou mau maka, he mau pūkoʻa kā lākou, e hōʻike nei he hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i ka lā. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole e neʻe kēia i kāu kaila pō, no ka mea, maʻaleʻale ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa i nā loli i nā pae māmā.
Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka huaʻōlelo "makapō e like me ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa"? ʻAe, ʻānō ua ʻike ʻoe ua hewa ʻo ia, no ka mea ʻaʻole makapō nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa a hilinaʻi nui i kou mau maka e like me ka echolocation e hoʻolālā iā lākou iho a hoʻomaopopo i ka mea e hana nei a puni lākou.
Nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa e hānai i ke koko
Pili nā moʻohelu i ka moʻolelo mōʻaukala me ka weliweli. Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui ka hānai ʻana o nā laha mammal i ke koko, he ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole ia. Ma Brazil, o nā ʻano 178 i ʻike ʻia, ʻekolu wale nō hānai i ke koko..
Kaulana kēia ʻano laha i ke koko e ola ai opeapea vampire: ʻōpeʻapeʻa vampire maʻamau (Desmodus rotundus), ʻōpeʻapeʻa vampire ʻēheu keʻokeʻo (diaemus youngi) a me ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa wūwae wāwae wāwae (Diphylla ecaudata).
ʻO nā pahuhopu nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa he bipi, puaʻa, lio a me nā manu. ʻAʻole manaʻo ʻia ke kanaka he waiwai pio maoli o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa vampire, akā aia nā hōʻike o ka hoʻouka kaua nui ʻana ma nā kaona kaiāulu. ʻO kekahi hopohopo maʻamau e pili ana i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa ʻo ia nā transmitters o ka rabies - akā pono nō naʻe ia hiki i kekahi mammal maʻi lele ke hoʻoili i ka maʻi. a ʻaʻole wale nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa.
He mea nui ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa i ka mālama a me ke kaulike ʻana o nā kaiaolaola ke hānai nei lākou i nā hua a me nā kolo. He mea nui kēia iā lākou. nā mea kōkua i ka hakakā ʻana i nā mea hōʻino kūlanakauhale a me nā mahiʻai. E like me ka hānai ʻana o nā mea he nui i ka nectar a me ka pollen, kōkua lākou i ka pollination i nā ʻano pua like ʻole, kahi hana e like loa me ka pi a me nā manu.
A mai ka luha o kēia mau māmele lele, ua kupu mai nā noiʻi hou a me nā lāʻau no ka mea waiwai ia i nā mea anticoagulant. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe noiʻi hiki i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa ke kōkua pū i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau e mālama ai i ka thrombosis a me nā pilikia olakino ʻē aʻe i ka poʻe i loaʻa i nā ʻeha.[1].
Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou e pili ana i kēia mau māmela, e heluhelu i kēia ʻatikala ʻē aʻe mai PeritoAnimal ʻano ʻōpeʻapeʻa a me ko lākou ʻano.
A ʻoiai ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i kā lākou hānai ʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i kēia wikiō ma ke kahawai ʻo PeritoAnimal i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka hānai ʻōpeʻapeʻa: