Anter
- Pehea ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā holoholona vertebrate
- ʻO nā holoholona Vertebrate e like me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka Linnean kuʻuna
- ʻO Superglass Agnatos (ʻaʻohe aʻa)
- ʻO Superglass Gnatostomados (me nā ālina)
- Tetrapoda Superclass (me nā wēlau ʻehā)
- Nā holoholona Vertebrate e like me ka hoʻohālikelike cladistic
- Nā laʻana hou aku o nā holoholona vertebrate
- Nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā holoholona vertebrate
ʻO nā holoholona Vertebrate nā mea i loaʻa a iwi i loko, i hiki ke lilo i iwi a i ʻole cartilaginous, a pili i ka subphylum o nā chordates, ʻo ia hoʻi, he kaula kā lākou a i ʻole notochord a hana ʻia i kahi hui nui o nā holoholona, e like me ka iʻa a me nā māmala. Hāʻawi kēia i kekahi mau ʻano me ka subphyla ʻē aʻe e hana ana i nā chordates, akā e hoʻomohala i nā hiʻohiʻona hou a me nā moʻolelo hou e ʻae ai e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho ʻauhau.
Ua kapa ʻia kēia pūʻulu ʻo craneados, e pili ana i ka alo o kahi iwi poʻo i kēia mau holoholona, inā o ka iwi a i ʻole ka cartilaginous haku mele. Eia naʻe, ua wehewehe ʻia kekahi huaʻōlelo e kekahi poʻe ʻepekema me he mea lā ua pau. Kuhi ʻia nā ʻōnaehana biodiversity a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho aia aia ma mua o 60,000 mau ʻano vertebrate, kahi hui like ʻole e noho kokoke i nā kaiaolaola āpau ma ka honua. I kēia ʻatikala na PeritoAnimal e hōʻike mākou iā ʻoe i hoʻokaʻina o nā holoholona vertebrate. Heluhelu maikaʻi!
Pehea ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā holoholona vertebrate
Loaʻa i nā holoholona Vertebrate ka ʻike, kahi mākaukau ʻike maikaʻi a hiki ke hana i nā neʻe ʻokoʻa loa ma muli o ka hui o nā mākala a me ka iwi iwi.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻo Vertebrates e maopopo, i kahi ala maʻalahi:
- Iʻa
- poʻe amphibians
- nā mea kolo
- manu
- Nā makuahine
Eia nō naʻe, i kēia manawa aia ʻelua ʻano o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā holoholona vertebrate: ka Linnean kuʻuna a me ka cladistic. ʻOiai ua hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana iā Linnean, ua hoʻoholo nā noiʻi hou e hoʻokumu ana ka cladistic classification i kekahi mau pae hoʻohālikelike e pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o kēia mau holoholona.
Ma waho aʻe o ka wehewehe ʻana i kēia mau ala ʻelua o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā holoholona vertebrate, e hāʻawi aku mākou iā ʻoe i ka hoʻokaʻina ʻana e pili ana i nā ʻano laulā o nā hui invertebrate.
ʻO nā holoholona Vertebrate e like me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka Linnean kuʻuna
ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho Linnean kahi ʻōnaehana i ʻae ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e ke kaiāulu ʻepekema e hāʻawi i kahi ala kūpono a me ka pono e hoʻokaʻawale i ka honua o nā mea ola. Eia nō naʻe, me nā holomua ma nā wahi e like me ka evolution a no laila i nā genetics, ua loli kekahi mau ʻano hoʻohālikelike i hoʻopau ʻia ma kēia laina i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa. Ma lalo o kēia hoʻohālikelike, māhele ʻia nā vertebrates i:
ʻO Superglass Agnatos (ʻaʻohe aʻa)
I kēia mahele, ʻike mākou:
- ʻO Cephalaspidomorphs: he papa pau kēia.
- ʻO Hyperartios: hele mai nā ipukukui (e like me ka lāhui Kai kai Petromyzon) a me nā holoholona wai ʻē aʻe, me nā kino elongated a me gelatinous.
- Nā Mixine: ʻike ʻia he hagfish, ʻo ia nā holoholona kai, me nā kino elongated a me ka primitive loa.
ʻO Superglass Gnatostomados (me nā ālina)
Eia ka pūʻulu:
- Placod germ: he papa pau ʻole.
- ʻO Acanthodes: papa pau ʻole.
- ʻO Chondrites: kahi i loaʻa ai nā iʻa cartilaginous e like me ka manō polū (ʻO Prionace glauca) a me ka stingray, e like me ka Aetobatus narinari, ma waena o kekahi.
- osteite: ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou he iʻa iwi, a i waena o mākou e hiki ai ke ʻōlelo i kēia ʻano Plectorhinchus vittatus.
Tetrapoda Superclass (me nā wēlau ʻehā)
ʻO nā lālā o kēia superclass kekahi he iwi ā ko lākou. Maanei ʻike mākou i kahi hui like ʻole o nā holoholona vertebrate, i māhele ʻia i ʻehā mau papa:
- poʻe amphibians.
- nā mea kolo.
- manu.
- Nā makuahine.
Ua hoʻomohala kēia mau holoholona i nā wahi noho āpau a pau, e puʻunaue ʻia ana i ka honua.
Nā holoholona Vertebrate e like me ka hoʻohālikelike cladistic
Me ka holomua o nā loiloi evolutionary a me ka optimization o ka noiʻi ʻana i nā genetics, ua kupu mai ka papa cladistic, ka mea e wehewehe ana i ka like ʻole o nā mea ola i ka hana pololei o kā lākou nā pilina hoʻoholomua. I kēia ʻano hoʻokaʻina ʻē aʻe kekahi a e hilinaʻi ʻia ia i nā kumu he nui, no laila ʻaʻohe wehewehe pono loa no ka hui pākahi. Wahi a kēia wahi o ka biology, ʻike ʻia nā vertebrates ma ke ʻano he:
- Cyclostome: iʻa iwi ʻole e like me hagfish a me nā ipukukui.
- ʻO Chondrites: iʻa cartilaginous e like me ka manō.
- nā aktinopterios: iʻa iwi e like me ka iʻa, salmon a me nā puhi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.
- Nā Dipnoos: lungfish, e like me ka iʻa salamander.
- poʻe amphibians: toads, rana a me nā salamanders.
- Nā makuahine: koholā, ʻōpeʻapeʻa a me nā ʻīlio hae, i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.
- Nā Lepidosaurians: nā moʻo a me nā moʻo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
- Nā hōʻike hōʻike: nā kuhukukū.
- archosaurs: crocodiles a me nā manu.
Nā laʻana hou aku o nā holoholona vertebrate
Eia kekahi mau laʻana o nā holoholona vertebrate:
- Dolphin hina (Sotalia guianensis)
- Jaguar (Panthera onca)
- ʻO Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla)
- Quail Nūhōlani (Coturnix novaezelandiae)
- Pernambuco Cabure (Glaucidium mooreorum)
- Lūlū kāne maned (Chrysocyon brachyurus)
- Aeto hina (Urubinga coronata)
- ʻO Hummingbird Violet-pepeiao (Colibri serrirostris)
I loko o kēia ʻatikala PeritoAnimal ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona hou aku o nā holoholona vertebrate a invertebrate a me kekahi mau kiʻi o nā holoholona vertebrate.
Nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā holoholona vertebrate
Hoʻohui pū ʻia ʻo Vertebrates no ka mea kaʻana like lākou ma ke ʻano he hiʻohiʻona maʻamau i ke alo o a iwi poʻo poʻo hāʻawi ia i ka pale i ka lolo a vertebrae iwi a i ʻole cartilaginous hoʻopuni i ka iwi kuamoʻo. Akā, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ma muli o kekahi mau ʻano kikoʻī, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia i loko o:
- Agnates: me nā mixine a me nā ipukukui.
- ʻO Gnatostomados: kahi e loaʻa ai ka iʻa, iwi kuamoʻo me nā wēlau e hana ʻia nā peʻa a me nā tetrapods, nā vertebrates ʻē aʻe āpau.
ʻO kekahi ala e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā holoholona vertebrate na embryonic development:
- ʻohana aloha: pili i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka embryo i loko o kahi ʻeke piha piha i ka wai, e like me ka hihia i nā mea kolo, nā manu a me nā mea hānai manu.
- anamniotes: hōʻike i nā hihia kahi e ulu ʻole ai ka embryo i loko o kahi ʻeke piha piha i ka wai, kahi e hiki ai iā mākou ke hoʻopili i nā iʻa a me nā amphibians.
Hiki iā mākou ke hōʻike, aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻōnaehana ohoʻomohala ʻana nā holoholona vertebrate, a laila hōʻike kēia i ka pae o ka paʻakikī e kū nei i kēia kaʻina o ka ʻike a hoʻohuʻulu ʻana i nā meaola honua.
Ma kēia ʻano, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokūpaʻa i nā pae hoʻohālikelike loa i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokaʻawale, akā naʻe, hiki iā mākou ke noʻonoʻo pehea e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā holoholona vertebrate, kahi ʻano nui e hoʻomaopopo ai i ko lākou ikaika a me ka evolution i loko o ka honua.
I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o nā holoholona vertebrate a ʻike i ko lākou ʻano ʻano like ʻole, hoihoi paha ʻoe i kēia ʻatikala e pili ana i ka hoʻololi o nā hanauna i nā holoholona.
Inā makemake ʻoe e heluhelu hou aku i nā ʻatikala e like me Hoʻokaʻina o nā holoholona vertebrate, Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e komo i kā mākou Curiosities ʻāpana o ka honua holoholona.