Nā ʻano Amphibian

Anter

• He aha nā amphibians?
• Nā ʻano amphibians
• Nā ʻano Amphibian
• ʻO ka metamorphosis o nā amphibians
• ʻili amphibian
• Amphibian Skeleton a me nā Extremities
• Waha Amphibian
• E hānai ana ʻo Amphibian
• Hanu Amphibian
• Hoʻohāpai Amphibian
• Nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā amphibians

Hana ʻia nā Amphibians ka pūʻulu primitive o ka vertebrates. ʻO ke ʻano o ko lākou inoa "ola pālua" (amphi = ʻelua a me bios = ola) a he mau holoholona ectothermic lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hilinaʻi lākou i nā kumuwaiwai kūwaho e kāohi i kā lākou kaulike kūloko. Eia kekahi, he amniote lākou, e like me ka iʻa. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ʻaʻole hoʻopuni ʻia kāu embryos e kahi membrane: ka amnion.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua ulu ka evolution o nā amphibians a me kā lākou hele ʻana mai ka wai a i kahi ʻāina i nā makahiki he miliona. Ua ola kou mau kūpuna 350 miliona mau makahiki i hala, i ka hopena o ka Devonian, a ikaika ko lākou kino, me nā wāwae lōʻihi, pālahalaha a me nā manamana lima he nui. ʻO kēia nā Acanthostega a me Icthyostega, nā mea mua o nā tetrapods āpau a mākou e ʻike nei i kēia lā. Hoʻolahalaha nā Amphibians ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou ma nā wahi wao akua, ma nā wahi polar a me nā Antarctic a ma kekahi mau mokupuni kai. E hoʻomau i ka heluhelu ʻana i kēia ʻatikala PeritoAnimal a e ʻike ʻoe i nā ʻano amphibian, kā lākou peculiarities a me ka nohona.

He aha nā amphibians?

ʻO nā Amphibians he tetrapod vertebrate holoholona, ​​ʻo ia hoʻi, he iwi a ʻehā mau lālā. He pūʻulu holoholona ʻokoʻa loa ia, no ka mea, komo lākou i ka metamorphosis e hiki ai iā lākou ke hele aʻe mai ka pae larval a i ke kūlana makua, ʻo ia hoʻi, i loko o ko lākou ola, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano hanu ʻokoʻa.

Nā ʻano amphibians

ʻEkolu ʻano amphibians, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia penei:

• Amphibians o ke kauoha Gymnophiona: i kēia hui, aia wale nō nā caecilians, nona ke kino e like me ko nā ilo, akā me nā lālā pōkole ʻehā loa.
• Amphibians o ke kauoha Caudata: he amphibians āpau i nā huelo, e like me nā salamanders a me nā newts.
• Amphibians o ke kauoha Anura: ʻaʻohe o lākou huelo a ʻo ia ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia. ʻO kekahi mau laʻana he mau rana a me nā kāhue.

Nā ʻano Amphibian

Ma waena o nā ʻano o nā amphibians, kū aʻe ka mea aʻe:

ʻO ka metamorphosis o nā amphibians

He ʻano ʻokoʻa kā ka Amphibians i ko lākou ʻano o ke ola. ʻAʻole like me ke koena o nā tetrapod, hele lākou i kahi hana i kapa ʻia ʻo ka metamorphosis, a ʻo ka larva, ʻo ia ka tadpole, huli i makua a hala mai ka hanu lālā i ka hanu pulmonary. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, nui nā hoʻololi a me nā physiological e hoʻololi ai, kahi e hoʻomākaukau ai ka meaola iā ia iho e hele mai ka wai wai i ke ola honua.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hua amphibian i ka wai; no laila, ke kiko mai ka larva, he mau hā e loaʻa ai, he hiʻu, a he waha poepoe e ʻai ai. Ma hope o kekahi manawa i loko o ka wai, e mākaukau ia no ka metamorphosis, kahi e hoʻololi ai i nā loli mai ka nalo o ka huelo a me nā gills, e like me kekahi mau salamanders (Urodelos), i nā hoʻololi hohonu i nā ʻōnaehana meaola, e like me nā rana (Anurans). ʻ a laila hana pū kekahi:

• Hoʻomohala i nā ʻaoʻao mua a me hope;
• Hoʻolālā o kahi iwi iwi;
• Ulu ulu;
• Ka ʻokoʻa o nā pepeiao a me nā maka;
• Hoʻololi kaʻili;
• Ke hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe a me nā manaʻo;
• Hoʻolālā Neuronal.

Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kekahi ʻano o nā salamanders ʻaʻole pono ka metamorphosis a hiki i ke kūlana makua me nā ʻano larval, e like me ke alo o nā gills, e hoʻohālikelike ana iā lākou me he mākua liʻiliʻi lā. Kapa ʻia kēia hana he neoteny.

ʻili amphibian

ʻO nā amphibians hou āpau, ie Urodelos a i ʻole Caudata (salamanders), Anuras (toads) a me Gimnophiona (caecilians), i kapa ʻia ʻo Lissanphibia, a ua loaʻa kēia inoa mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia mau holoholona ʻaʻohe unahi ma ka ʻili, no laila "ʻōlohelohe" ʻo ia. ʻAʻohe o lākou pale dermal e like me ke koena o nā vertebrates, ʻo ka lauoho, ka hulu a me nā unahi, koe wale nō nā caecilians, nona ka ʻili e uhi ʻia e kekahi ʻano o ka "dermal scale".

Ma ka lima 'ē aʻe, lahilahi kou ʻili, ka mea kōkua i ko lākou ʻili hanu, he permeable a hāʻawi ʻia me ka vascularization waiwai, nā pigment a me nā glands (i kekahi mau mea ʻawahia) e ʻae iā lākou e pale iā lākou iho i ka abrasion a me nā kānaka ʻē aʻe, e hana nei ma ke ʻano o kā lākou laina pale mua.

Nui nā ʻano, e like me dendrobatids (lāʻau hoʻomāʻona) nā kala ʻōlinolino loa e ʻae iā lākou e hāʻawi i kahi "ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo" i kā lākou mea ʻino, no ka mea he mea mahalo loa ia, akā aneane pili mau kēia waihoʻoluʻu me nā ʻōpū ʻawahia. Kāhea ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano he aposematism holoholona, ​​ʻo ia ke ʻano o ke kala o ke aka.

Amphibian Skeleton a me nā Extremities

ʻO kēia hui o nā holoholona he ʻano nui kona e pili ana i kona iwi iwi e pili ana i nā vertebrates ʻē aʻe. I ko lākou evolution, ʻo lākou nalo a hoʻoponopono i nā iwi he nui o nā forelimbs, akā ʻo kona pūhaka, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻomohala nui ʻia.

ʻO nā wāwae o ka wā mua ʻehā mau manamana wāwae a me nā wāwae hope, ʻelima, a elongated lele a ʻauʻau paha, koe wale nā ​​caecilians, i nalowale ko lākou mau lālā hope ma muli o ko lākou nohona. Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, kaukaʻi i ka laha, hiki ke hoʻololi i nā wāwae hope no ka lele a ʻauʻau ʻana, akā no ka hele wāwae hoʻi.

Waha Amphibian

Kuhi ʻia ka waha o nā amphibians e ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau ʻano:

• Niho nawaliwali;
• Nui a ākea ka waha;
• Alelo muscularized a me ka ʻiʻo.

Mālama nā alelo Amphibian i kā lākou hānai ʻana, a hiki i kekahi mau laha ke puka i waho e hopu i kā lākou mea pio.

E hānai ana ʻo Amphibian

ʻO ka pane ʻana i ka nīnau e pili ana i ka mea a nā amphibians e ʻai ai he mea paʻakikī, e like me ka hānai a nā amphibians loli me ka makahiki, hiki ke hānai i nā mea kanu wai i ka wā larval a me nā liʻiliʻi invertebrates i ka wā mākua, e like me:

• Nā ilo;
• Nā pepelu;
• Punawelewele.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano predatory hiki ke ʻai vertebrates liʻiliʻi, e like me ka iʻa a me nā māmele. ʻO kahi laʻana o kēia nā bullfrogs (i loaʻa ma loko o ka pūʻulu rana), he poʻe ʻimi ʻimi ʻimi a hiki ke ʻūlū pinepine i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e ale i nā pio i nui loa.

Hanu Amphibian

Loaʻa i nā Amphibians hā hanu (i kona pae larval) a me ka ʻili, mahalo i ko lākou wīwī lahilahi a permeable, i ʻae iā lākou e hoʻololi i ka ʻaila. Eia nō naʻe, he hanu pū kekahi nā mākua a, i ka hapanui o nā laha, hoʻohui lākou i ʻelua ʻano hanu i loko o ko lākou ola.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, nele loa kekahi mau laha o ka salamanders i ka hanu ʻana o ka hanu, no laila hoʻohana wale lākou i ka hoʻololi kinoea ma o ka ʻili, a pelu mau ʻia e hoʻonui ai ka ʻili o ka hoʻololi.

Hoʻohāpai Amphibian

Aia nā Amphibians kaʻawale wahine, ʻo ia hoʻi, he dioecious lākou, a i kekahi mau manawa aia ka dimorphism moekolohe, ʻo ia hoʻi he ʻokoʻa ke kāne a me ka wahine. ʻO ka mea nui ka waho i nā anurans a me nā urodelus a me nā gymnophionas. He mau holoholona oviparous lākou a waiho ʻia kā lākou mau hua i ka wai a i ʻole ka lepo momona e pale ai i ka maloʻo, akā i ka hihia o nā salamanders, waiho ka kāne i kahi ʻeke o ka sperm i loko o ka substrate, i kapa ʻia ʻo spermatophore, e hōʻiliʻili ʻia e ka wahine.

Kau ʻia nā hua hua Amphibian i loko lehulehu frothy hana ʻia e nā mākua a, a laila, hiki ke pale ʻia e a membrane gelatinous ka mea i pale aku iā lākou i nā pathogens a me nā mea ʻino. Nui nā ʻano i mālama mālama makua, ʻoiai he laha ʻole ia, a kaupalena ʻia kēia mālama ʻana i ka hali ʻana i nā hua i loko o ka waha a i ʻole nā ​​honu ma ko lākou kua, a neʻe iā lākou inā aia kahi mea ʻiʻo kokoke.

Eia kekahi, loaʻa iā lākou he humuhumu, a me nā mea kolo a me nā manu, a ma o kēia ala e hana ai ka hana hou a me ka excretion.

Nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā amphibians

Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻano i hōʻike ʻia aʻe nei, ʻike ʻia kekahi o nā amphibians e kēia mau mea:

• puʻuwai tricavitary: he puʻuwai tricavitary kā lākou, me ʻelua atria a me hoʻokahi ventricle, a me ka holo pālua ʻana ma o ka puʻuwai. Hoʻohālikelike nui ʻia kou ʻili.
• Hana i nā lawelawe kaiaola: ʻoiai he nui nā ʻano e hānai i nā mea kolo i hiki ke lilo i mea hoʻomake no kekahi mea kanu a i ʻole nā ​​vector o nā maʻi, e like me nā makika.
• He bioindicator maikaʻi lākou: hiki i kekahi mau laha ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike e pili ana i ke kaiapuni kahi e noho ai lākou, ʻoiai e hōʻiliʻili lākou i nā mea ʻino a pathogenic paha i ko lākou ʻili. Ua hoʻemi kēia i ko lākou heluna kanaka i nā wahi he nui o ka honua.
• Nui nā ʻano laha like ʻole: aia ma mua o 8,000 mau ʻano amphibians i ka honua, nona nā mea i ʻoi aku ma mua o 7,000 i nā anurans, ma kahi o 700 mau ʻano urodelos a ʻoi aku ma mua o 200 e pili ana i nā gymnophionas.
• Pilikia: he heluna nui o nā laha a palupalu a makaʻu paha ma muli o ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka nohona a me kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo chytridiomycosis, i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi fungus chytrid pathogenic, ʻO Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, ka mea e luku nei i ko lākou lehulehu.

Inā makemake ʻoe e heluhelu hou aku i nā ʻatikala e like me Nā ʻano Amphibian, Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e komo i kā mākou Curiosities ʻāpana o ka honua holoholona.