Anter
- Ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka pūnaewele a me ka pūnaewele meaʻai
- kaulahao meaʻai wai
- nā mea hana mua
- nā mea kūʻai mua
- Nā mea kūʻai lua
- nā mea kūʻai aku ma ke kula kiʻekiʻe
- Nā laʻana o ke kaulahao meaʻai wai
Aia kekahi lālā o ke kaiaolaola, i kapa ʻia synecology, e aʻo ana i nā pilina ma waena o nā kaiaolaola a me nā kaiāulu o kēlā me kēia kanaka. Ma loko o ka synecology, ʻike mākou i kahi ʻāpana no ke aʻo ʻana i nā pilina ma waena o nā mea ola, e pili ana i nā pilina meaʻai, i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i nā kaulahao meaʻai, e like me ke kaula meaʻai wai.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻo Synecology ʻo nā kaulahao meaʻai ke ala e neʻe ai ka ikehu a me nā mea mai kēlā me kēia pae hana i kahi papahana ʻē aʻe, e noʻonoʻo pū ana hoʻi i ka nalo ʻana o ka ikehu, e like me ka hanu ʻana. I kēia ʻatikala PeritoAnimal, e wehewehe mākou i ka mea a kaulahao meaʻai wai, e hoʻomaka ana me ka wehewehe ʻana o ke kaulahao meaʻai a me ka pūnaewele meaʻai.
Ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka pūnaewele a me ka pūnaewele meaʻai
ʻO ka mea mua, e hoʻomaopopo i ka paʻakikī o nā kaulahao meaʻai wai, pono ia ʻike i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kaulahao meaʻai a me nā pūnaewele meaʻai a me nā mea i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia o lākou.
Ekahi kaulahao meaʻai hōʻike i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mea a me ka ikehu i loko o kahi kaiaolaola ma o nā meaola like ʻole, i ke ala linear a me ka unidirectional, e hoʻomaka mau nei me e autotrophic ʻo ia ka mea hana nui i ka mea a me ka ikehu, ʻoiai hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i nā mea inorganic i loko o nā kumuwaiwai a me nā kumu waiwai non-assimilable, e like me ka hoʻohuli ʻana o ka lā i ATP (adenosine triphosphate, ke kumu ikehu o nā mea ola). ʻO ka mea a me ka ikehu i hana ʻia e nā autotrophic e hala i ke koena o nā heterotrophs a i ʻole nā mea kūʻai aku, hiki ke lilo i mea kūʻai mua, ʻelua a me nā pae kiʻekiʻe.
Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, a pūnaewele meaʻai a pūnaewele pūnaewele meaʻai paha ʻo ia kahi o nā kaulahao meaʻai e hoʻopili ʻia, e hōʻike ana i kahi neʻe nui ʻana o ka ikehu a me nā mea. Hōʻike nā pūnaewele Trophic i ka mea maoli i kū i ke kūlohelohe, ʻoiai lākou e hōʻike ana i nā pilina he nui ma waena o nā mea ola.
kaulahao meaʻai wai
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka hoʻonohonoho maʻamau o kahi kaulahao meaʻai ma waena o ka terrestrial a me kahi ʻōnaehana wai, ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi loa ma ka pae o nā laha a me ka nui o ka biomass i hōʻiliʻili ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā kaiaola honua. Ma lalo e haʻi mākou i kekahi laha i loko o ke kaula wai wai:
nā mea hana mua
I ke kaulahao meaʻai wai, ʻike mākou i kēlā nā mea hana mua ʻo ia nā limu, ʻo unicellular paha, e like me nā mea o ke kōla ʻO Glaucophyta, rhodophyta a ʻO Chlorophyta, a i ʻole multicellular, kēlā o ka superphylum heterokonta, ʻo wai nā limu e hiki iā mākou ke ʻike me ka maka maka ʻole ma nā kahakai, etc. Eia kekahi, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa i nā koʻohune i kēia pae o ke kaulahao, ka cyanobacteria, a lawe pū i ka photosynthesis.
nā mea kūʻai mua
ʻO nā mea kūʻai mua o ke kaulahao meaʻai wai he mau holoholona herbivorous e hānai i nā limu microscopic a i ʻole macroscopic a me nā bacteria. ʻO kēia pae maʻa mau ʻoihana a me kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe meaola mea kanu.
Nā mea kūʻai lua
Kū nā mea kūʻai kula kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano he holoholona līlū, e hānai nei i nā mea kanu lāʻau haʻahaʻa. Hiki iā lākou ke iʻa, nā ʻalopaka, manu manu a i ʻole nā mea mammal.
nā mea kūʻai aku ma ke kula kiʻekiʻe
ʻO nā mea kūʻai kula nui ka super kino lipi, nā holoholona karnivorous e hānai i nā mea ola kino ʻē aʻe, kēlā mau mea e hana ana i ka loulou o nā mea kūʻai lua.
I ke kaulahao meaʻai, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i nā pua e kuhikuhi i kahi ala unidirectional:
Nā laʻana o ke kaulahao meaʻai wai
aia he ʻokoʻa kekelē o ka paʻakikī i nā kaulahao meaʻai. Eia kekahi mau laʻana:
- ʻO ka laʻana mua o kahi kaulahao meaʻai wai o kelepona ʻelua. ʻO kēia ka hihia no ka phytoplankton a me nā koholā. ʻO Phytoplankton ka mea hana nui a ʻo nā koholā wale nō ka mea kūʻai.
- Hiki i kēia mau koholā like ke hana i kahi kaulahao o ʻekolu kāhea inā lākou e hānai iā zooplankton ma kahi o ka phytoplankton. No laila ke ʻano o ke kaulahao meaʻai: phytoplankton> zooplankton> kohola. Kuhi ke ala o nā pua i kahi e neʻe ai ka ikehu a me ka mea.
- I loko o kahi ʻōnaehana wai a terrestrial, e like me ka muliwai, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i kahi kaulahao o nā loulou ʻehā: phytoplankton> molluscs o ka genus Lymnaea > barbels (iʻa, barbus barbus>> hina herons (ʻO Cinérea Ardea).
- ʻO kahi laʻana o ke kaulahao o ʻelima mau loulou kahi e hiki ai iā mākou ke ʻike i kahi supercarnivore penei: Phytoplankton> krill> emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri)> leopadi sila (Hydrurga leptonyx)> orca (orcinus orca).
I ke kaiaolaola kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka pilina. Hana ʻia nā kaulahao meaʻai e hoʻomaʻalahi i nā pilina trophic a no laila hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi iā lākou, akā nā kaulahao meaʻai e launa pū kekahi me kekahi ma loko o kahi pūnaewele paʻakikī o nā pūnaewele meaʻai. ʻO kekahi o nā laʻana o kahi pūnaewele meaʻai wai hiki ke lilo i ke kiʻi aʻe, kahi e hiki ai iā mākou ke ʻike pehea e hoʻohui ʻia ai kahi kaula meaʻai a me kekahi mau pua e hōʻike ana i kahi helu kiʻekiʻe o nā pilina mea ʻai a me nā kahe ikaika ma waena o nā mea.
Inā makemake ʻoe e heluhelu hou aku i nā ʻatikala e like me kaulahao meaʻai wai, Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e komo i kā mākou Curiosities ʻāpana o ka honua holoholona.