Nā ʻano Amphibian - Nā ʻano, nā inoa a me nā laʻana

Anter

• He aha ka amphibian?
• Nā ʻano Amphibian
• Nā ʻano amphibians a me ko lākou mau inoa
• ʻO Cecilia a i ʻole Apoda (Gymnophiona)
• ʻO Salamanders a me Newts (Urodela)
• Frogs and Toads (Anura)
• Nā laʻana o nā amphibians
• Nā Curiosities Amphibian
• aposematism holoholona
• paomerorphosis
• Amphibians hoʻoweliweli

Ka inoa o nā amphibians (amphi-bios) mai ka Greek mai a ʻo ia hoʻi "ola ʻelua". ʻO ia no ka hala o kāna pōʻai ola ma waena o ka wai a me ka ʻāina. Hoʻololi kēia mau mea ʻano ʻē i kā lākou ala o ke ola a me nā hiʻohiʻona i ko lākou ulu ʻana. ʻO ka hapa nui i ka pō a me ka lāʻau make. Akoakoa pū kekahi e hīmeni i nā pō ua. Me ka hopohopo ʻole, ʻo lākou kekahi o nā holoholona vertebrate hoihoi loa.

I kēia manawa, ua wehewehe ʻia ma mua o 7,000 mau ʻano amphibians, kaʻana like ʻaneʻane ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, koe wale nō nā anilā ʻoi loa. Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ko lākou ʻano ʻokoʻa o ke ola, ʻoi aku ka nui o lākou i nā tropika. Makemake ʻoe e ʻike maikaʻi i kēia mau holoholona? No laila mai haʻalele i kēia ʻatikala PeritoAnimal e pili ana i nā ʻokoʻa ʻano o nā amphibians, ko lākou ʻano, nā inoa a me nā laʻana hoihoi.

He aha ka amphibian?

ʻO nā amphibians o kēia manawa (papa Amphibia) nā holoholona non-amniote tetrapod vertebrates. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka iwi iwi, ʻehā mau wāwae (no laila ka huaʻōlelo tetrapod) a hoʻomoe i nā hua me ka ʻole o nā membrane pale. Ma muli o kēia hopena hope loa, maʻalahi ka lākou hua i ka maloʻo, a pono e waiho i ka wai. Mai kēia mau hua manu, kū mai nā larvae wai i hope e komo i kahi hana hoʻololi i kapa ʻia metamorphosis. Pēlā e lilo ai nā amphibians i mau mākua semi-terrestrial. ʻO kahi laʻana kikoʻī o kēia ke ola o nā rana.

I loko nō o ko lākou maopopo palupalu, ua noho kolepa nā amphibians i ka hapa nui o ka honua a hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā nā kaiaolaola ʻokoʻa a me nā wahi noho. No kēia kumu, nui a hewahewa nā ʻano amphibians. Loaʻa kēia i ka nui o nā hoʻokoe i kū ʻole i ka wehewehe a mākou i hōʻike ai ma luna.

Nā ʻano Amphibian

Ma muli o kā lākou ʻokoʻa nui, paʻakikī loa e hōʻike i nā ʻano amphibians like ʻole. Eia naʻe, ua hōʻiliʻili mākou i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona nui loa, e hōʻike ana i nā mea i hoʻokoe ʻia. ʻO kēia nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā amphibians:

• tetrapods: Me nā Cecilias ʻē aʻe, ʻelua mau lālā o ka amphibians i pau i nā wāwae. Loaʻa i nā pā nā pūnaewele a me nā manamana wāwae ʻehā, ʻoiai he nui nā hoʻokoe.
• NOikehu ʻo ia: He ʻili lahilahi ko lākou, me ka unahi ʻole a me ka makaʻala i ka maloʻo, ʻo ia ke kumu e māū mau ai a ma kahi mahana mahana.
• ʻawahia: Loaʻa nā gphibians i ko lākou ʻili i hana i nā mea pale. No kēia kumu, ʻona ka ʻili o kou ʻili inā ʻai ʻia a inā pili paha me kou mau maka. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ka hapanui o nā laha i nā kānaka.
• hanu ʻili: Hanu ka hapa nui o nā amphibians ma o ko lākou ʻili a no laila mālama mau i ka mau. Hoʻopiha nā amphibians he nui i kēia ʻano hanu me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā akemāmā, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe he gills i ko lākou ola. Hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i kēia kumuhana i ka ʻatikala ma kahi a pehea e hanu ai nā amphibians.
• ʻO Ectothermy: pili ka mahana o ke kino i ke kaiapuni kahi i loaʻa ai nā amphibians. No kēia kumu, he mea maʻamau ka ʻike ʻana iā lākou i ka napoo ʻana o ka lā.
• hoʻoipoipo kolohe: he mau kāne ʻokoʻa kā nā amphibians, ʻo ia hoʻi, he kāne a wahine. Pālua nā kāne ʻelua no ka hoʻoulu ʻana e hiki ai i loko a i waho paha o ka wahine.
• oviparous: hoʻomoe nā wahine i nā hua wai me nā pale gelatinous lahilahi. No kēia kumu, hilinaʻi ka amphibians i ka hiki ʻana o ka wai a i ʻole ka momona no kā lākou hana hou. Ua hoʻololi iki nā amphibians i nā wahi maloʻo no ke ulu ʻana o ka viviparity, a ʻaʻole pili kēia i nā hua.
• hoʻomohala kū ʻole: mai nā hua mai i hatch i nā larva wai e hanu ma nā gills. I ko lākou ulu ʻana, hele lākou i ka metamorphosis i hiki ke ʻoi aku a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, i ka manawa e loaʻa ai iā lākou nā ʻano o nā mākua. Hōʻike pololei kekahi mau amphibians i ka hoʻomohala pololei a ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka metamorphosis.
• po: ʻO ka hapa nui o nā amphibians e hana nui i ka pō, ke alualu lākou a hānau. Eia nō naʻe, nui nā ʻano diurnal.
• ʻO Carnivores: he poʻe holoholona amphibians i ko lākou kūlana makua a hānai nui i nā invertebrates. I loko nō o kēia, he mau lāpunahele kā lākou larva a hoʻopau i ka limu, me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.

E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai, ʻo kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā amphibians ke hele nei lākou i kahi hana hoʻololi i kapa ʻia ʻo metamorphosis. Ma lalo, hōʻike mākou i kahi kiʻi lunamaka o ka metamorphosis amphibian.

Nā ʻano amphibians a me ko lākou mau inoa

ʻEkolu ʻano o amphibians:

• Cecilias a i ʻole apodas (kauoha Gymnophiona).
• Salamanders a me nā newts (kauoha Urodela).
• Nā rana a me nā toads (kauoha iā Anura).

ʻO Cecilia a i ʻole Apoda (Gymnophiona)

ʻO Cecilias a i ʻole Apoda kahi ma kahi o 200 mau ʻano i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ulu lāʻau tropika o ʻAmelika Hema, ʻApelika a me ʻAsia Hema. He amphibians vermiform lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, o kinona elongated a paukūʻolokaʻa. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻano amphibian ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe wāwae o Cecilias a he unahi ko nā ʻili ma ko lākou ʻili.

ola kēia mau holoholona ʻano ʻē kanu ʻia i ka lepo momonanolaila he makapo ka nui. ʻAʻole like me ka anurans, loaʻa i nā kāne kahi ʻōnaehana kope, no laila hana ʻia ka momona i loko o ka wahine. ʻO ke koena o ke kaʻina hānau he ʻokoʻa nui i kēlā me kēia ʻohana a i kēlā me kēia ʻano.

ʻO Salamanders a me Newts (Urodela)

Aia ke kaʻina o Urodelos ma kahi o 650 mau ʻano. Kuhi ʻia kēia mau holoholona e ka huelo i ko lākou ola, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻAʻole e nalowale ka larvae i kā lākou huelo i ka wā o ka metamorphosis. Eia kekahi, ʻehā like kona mau wāwae ʻehā me ka lōʻihi; no laila, neʻe lākou i ka hele wāwae ʻana a i ka piʻi paha. E like me ka caecilians, ka hoʻomomona ʻana o nā hua i loko o ka wahine ma o ka hoʻopili ʻana.

ʻO ka mahele kuʻuna ma waena o nā salamanders a me nā newts ʻaʻohe waiwai ʻauhau. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā lāhui i loaʻa kahi ʻano terrestrial ala o ke ola i kapa pinepine ʻia he salamanders. Noho mau lākou i nā lepo momona a neʻe wale i ka wai e hoʻohua. I kēia manawa, hoʻolilo ka mea hou i kahi manawa hou i ka wai.

Frogs and Toads (Anura)

ʻO ka inoa "a-nuro" ʻo ia hoʻi "tailless". ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻo nā larvae o kēia mau amphibians, i ʻike ʻia ʻo nā tadpoles, e nalo i kēia mea i ka wā o ka metamorphosis. No laila, ʻaʻohe huelo o nā rana makua a me nā toads. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa ʻo ia kāna ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae hope ma mua o nā forelegs, a neʻe lākou i ka lele ʻana. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻano amphibians ʻē aʻe, kahi hoʻomomona o nā hua i waho o ka wahine.

E like me nā urodelos, ʻaʻole hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka toad a me ka rana ma luna o nā genetics a me nā taxonomy, akā ma ka ʻike kanaka. ʻO nā rana ʻoi aku ka ikaika i ʻike ʻia he toads, a he nui nā ʻano honua o lākou, kahi e hoʻomaloʻo ai ko lākou ʻili a ʻoi hou hoʻi. ʻO nā rana, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he holoholona nani ke nānā aku, he lele lele akamai a i kekahi manawa piʻi kekahi. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ko lākou ʻano nohona me nā wahi kai.

Nā laʻana o nā amphibians

Ma kēia ʻāpana, hōʻike mākou iā ʻoe i kekahi mau laʻana o nā amphibians. Ua koho mākou i kekahi o nā ʻano hoihoi. ʻO kēia ala, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i nā ʻano loli nui i ʻike ʻia i nā ʻano amphibians.

• Cecilia Mekiko a i ʻole thoʻoluʻolu (ʻO Dermophis mexicanus): kēia poʻe caecilians he viviparous. Hoʻokumu kā lākou embryos i loko o ka makuahine no kekahi mau mahina. Ma laila lākou e hānai ai i nā mea huna o loko i hana ʻia e ka makuahine.
• Cecilia-de-Koh-Tao (Ichthyophis kohtaoensis): he cecilia Thai kahi e kau i kāna mau hua ma ka honua. ʻAʻole like me ka hapa nui o nā amphibians, mālama ka makuahine i nā hua a hiki i ka pā ʻana.
• anphiumas (Amphiumaspp.): ʻekolu kēia o nā amphibians aquatic elongated, cylindrical a me ka wāwae. A. tridactylum ʻekolu ona manamana, A. ʻo ia hoʻi he ʻelua a me A. pholeter nona hoʻokahi wale nō. ʻOiai ko lākou helehelena, ʻaʻole lākou he caecilians akā he urodelos.
• Kumuʻiʻo (Proteus anguinus): hoʻololi ʻia kēia urodelo e noho i ka pouli o kekahi mau ana ʻEulopa. No kēia kumu, ʻaʻohe maka o nā mākua, keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula hoʻi - a noho i ka wai i ko lākou ola āpau. Hoʻohui ʻia, elongated lākou, poʻo palahalaha, a hanu ma o nā gills.
• Protruding Ribs Salamander (pleurodeles walt): he urodelo ʻEulopa i hiki i 30 kenimika ka lōʻihi. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o kona kino, aia ka lālani o nā kiko ʻalani e kūlike me nā kihi o kona iwi ʻaoʻao. Ke hoʻoweliweli lākou, hoʻomākala lākou iā lākou, e hoʻoweliweli nei i kā lākou mau mea hiki ke ʻaihue.
• Frog huluhulu (ʻO Trichobatrachus robustus): ʻOiai ko lākou helehelena, ʻaʻohe lauoho o nā rana huluhulu, akā kikoʻī i ka ʻili vascularized. Mālama lākou e hoʻonui i ka ʻilikai o ka hoʻololi kinoea i hiki ai ke komo i loko o ka oxygen.
• Surinan Toad (he lupe): Kuhi ʻia kēia rana Amazon e ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kino pālahalaha loa. Loaʻa i nā wahine nā ʻano ʻupena ma ko lākou kua, kahi a lākou e poho ai a hei i nā hua i ka wā o ke kope ʻana. ʻAʻole kū mai kēia mau hua i nā larvae akā nā rana ʻōpio.
• Nimba's Toad (Nectophrynoidsoccidentalis): he rana ʻApelika ola. Hānau nā wahine i nā keiki i like ke ʻano o ke kanaka makua. ʻO ka hoʻomohala pololei kahi hoʻolālā hānau e ʻae iā lākou e kūʻokoʻa i nā kino wai.

Nā Curiosities Amphibian

I kēia manawa ua ʻike mākou i nā ʻano amphibians āpau, e nānā i kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona hoihoi i hōʻike ʻia i kekahi ʻano.

aposematism holoholona

Nui nā amphibians i kala ʻālohilohi loa. Lawelawe lākou e hoʻomaopopo i nā mea hiki wawe e pili ana i kā lākou lāʻau make. Hoʻomaopopo kēia mau mea ʻaihue i ke kala ikaika o nā amphibians ma ke ʻano he mea weliweli, a no laila mai ʻai iā lākou. No laila, ʻelua e pale i ka hassles.

ʻO kahi laʻana hoihoi loa ka kāʻei puhi ahi (Bombinatoridae). Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau amphibians Eurasia e ka loaʻa ʻana o nā haumāna ma ka puʻuwai a me ka ʻulaʻula, ʻalani a me nā ʻōpū melemele. Ke hoʻohaunaele, huli lākou a hōʻike paha i ke kala o ka lalo o ko lākou mau wāwae, e ʻimi nei i kahi kūlana i kapa ʻia he "unkenreflex". I kēia ala, nānā ka poʻe mea ʻino i ke kala a hoʻopili iā ia me ka weliweli.

ʻO ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo nā rana ke poʻo pua kīʻaha (Dendrobatidae), nā rana ʻona a me nā momi e noho ana i nā wahi neotropical. Hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i nā ʻano aposematic i kēia ʻatikala e pili ana i nā holoholona aposematism, me nā ʻano amphibians ʻē aʻe.

paomerorphosis

Loaʻa kekahi mau urodels i ka paomerorphosis, ʻo ia hoʻi, mālama i ko lākou ʻano ʻōpio e like me nā mākua. Kū kēia i ka wā e emi ai ka hoʻomohala kino, i ʻike ʻia ke oʻo moekolohe i ka wā he helehelena larval ka holoholona. ʻIke ʻia kēia hana he neoteny a ʻo ia ka mea e hana ai i ka axolotl Mekiko (Ambystoma mexicanum) a i ka Proteus (Proteus anguinus).

Pedamorphosis hiki i kekahi hanana ma muli o hoʻonui o ke oʻo kolohe. I kēia ala, loaʻa i ka holoholona ka hiki ke hoʻohua i ka wā he ʻano larval kona. He hana ia i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he progenesis a kū i loko o nā ʻano o ka genus Necturus, hopena i ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. E like me ka axolotl, mālama kēia mau urodel i kā lākou gills a noho mau i ka wai.

Amphibians hoʻoweliweli

Ma kahi o 3,200 mau ʻano amphibian e makaʻu nei i ka make, ʻo ia hoʻi, aneane hapalua. Hoʻohui ʻia, manaʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ma mua o kahi o nā mea laha a aneane he 1000 o nā ʻano mea aneane make e ʻike ʻia ma muli o kā lākou kākaʻikahi. ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui i nā amphibians ka chytrid fungus (ʻO Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis), ka mea i kinai mua i nā haneli he nui.

ʻO ka hoʻonui ākea o kēia fungus ma muli o ka hana a ke kanaka, e like me globalisation, trafficking holoholona a me ka hoʻokuʻu manu ʻole i kuleana ʻole ʻia. Ma waho aʻe o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi, nā amphibians exotic koke lilo i invasive species. Kūleʻa pinepine lākou ma mua o nā lāhui ʻōiwi, a hoʻokuke iā lākou mai kā lākou kaiaolaola. ʻO kēia ka hihia o nā rana mākuʻe ʻApelika (Xenopus laevis) a me ka bullfrog ʻAmelika (ʻO Lithobates catesbeianus).

E hoʻonui i ka hihia, ka nalo o ko lākou wahi noho, e like me nā kino wai hou a me nā waoakua, ke kumu o ka emi ʻana o nā lehulehu amphibian. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka hoʻololi i ke aniau, hoʻoneoneo a me ka luku pololei ʻana i nā wahi noho wai.

Inā makemake ʻoe e heluhelu hou aku i nā ʻatikala e like me Nā ʻano Amphibian - Nā ʻano, nā inoa a me nā laʻana, Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e komo i kā mākou Curiosities ʻāpana o ka honua holoholona.