Anter
ʻO nā manu he vertebrates koko wela a loaʻa i loko o ka pūʻulu tetrapod. Hiki ke loaʻa ma nā ʻano nohona like ʻole a ma nā ʻāina āpau, a i nā wahi like me ke anuanu e like me Antarctica. ʻO kona ʻano nui ke kū ʻana o nā hulu a me ka hiki ke lele, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou āpau, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau ʻano i lilo i kēia hiki ke hana. Ma loko o ka honua o nā manu, aia kekahi ʻano nui e pili ana i ka morphology (ʻano o ke kino), nā kala a me ka nui o nā hulu, nā nuku a me nā ʻano o ka hānai ʻana.
ʻike ʻoe i ka mea ʻokoʻa ʻano manu e kū nei a me ko lākou ʻano? Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i kēia pūʻulu holoholona kupaianaha, e hoʻomau i ka heluhelu ʻana i kēia ʻatikala na PeritoAnimal, kahi e kamaʻilio ai e pili ana i nā ʻano manu i kēlā me kēia wahi o ka honua a me kā lākou kikoʻī hoihoi loa.
Nā ʻano manu
ʻO nā manu nā mamo kokoke loa o nā dinosaur, i noho ma ka Honua ma kahi o 200 miliona mau makahiki i hala, i ka Jurassic. E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai, ʻo lākou nō holoholona endothermic (mehana) Hoʻololi ʻia kona mau forelimbs no ka lele ʻana a, i ke ʻano manu lele lele ʻole e like me nā manu ostriches, kiwi a i ʻole nā penguins, ua hoʻopili ʻia kona mau lālā hope no ka holo, hele wāwae ʻana a ʻauʻau paha. ʻO kā lākou anatomy kikoʻī he mau hoʻololi, pili loa i ka lele a me kā lākou ʻano o ke ola. Loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻano aʻe:
- iwi iwi kukui: iwi iwi me ka māmā a me nā iwi hakahā e hāʻawi i ka māmā i ka wā o ka lele.
- Hoʻolālā ʻia ka hihiʻo: He orbitals nunui loa lākou (nā lua ma kahi e noho ai nā maka), no laila hoʻomohala nui ʻia kā lākou ʻike.
- Nuku Horny: he nuku kolohe ko nā manu me nā ʻano like ʻole, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka laha a me ke ʻano o ka hānai ʻana.
- sirinx: loaʻa iā lākou ka syrinx, kahi ʻāpana o kā lākou hāmeʻa waha a ma o lākou e hiki ai ke hoʻopuka i nā kani a me nā mele.
- Kamaʻilio a me gizzard: he mea kanu kā lākou (dilation o ka esophagus) e mālama ai i ka meaʻai ma mua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he gizzard, kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū a he kuleana no ka ʻānai ʻana i ka meaʻai, me ka kōkua o nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi i moni ka manu no ia kumu.
- mai mimi: ʻaʻohe o lākou urinary bladder, no laila, uric acid (residues mai nā puʻupaʻa o nā manu) excreted me ke koena o nā koena i ke ʻano o nā semi-solid feces.
- iwi kuʻi: Vertebrae fusion, hip iwi fusion, a me nā sternum a me nā iwi ʻaoʻao e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā mākala lele.
- ʻehā manamana: he ʻehā manamana wāwae nā paws i ka hapanui o nā lāhui, he ʻano ʻokoʻa ko lākou ma muli o ke ʻano o ke ola a lākou e alakaʻi ai.
- Eggplants a i ʻole nā pellets: he nui nā laha e hana i egagropyle a i ʻole nā pellets, nā concretions luaʻi luaʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā koena holoholona i ʻole hoʻoulu ʻia.
- moe hua: e like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, ʻo kā lākou ʻano hānau ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i loko a hoʻomoe lākou i nā hua calcareous maloʻo e ulu ana i loko o kā lākou pūnana, a nui nā ʻano i lilo i ka hulu o ka umauma i ka wā o ka hoʻouluulu i mea e hoʻonui ai ka wela i ka hua.
- Hiki ke hānau ʻia me ka hulu ʻole a i ʻole: nā pīpī i pā hou ʻia (ke hatch) hiki ke pili I kekahi ʻaoʻao, hiki iā lākou ke precocious, ke hānau ʻia lākou me lalo e pale ai i ko lākou kino, no laila, hoʻolōʻihi lākou i ka manawa i ka pūnana.
- ʻO ka wikiwiki a me ka metabolism: ke loaʻa ʻana o ka metabolism a kiʻekiʻe a me ka wikiwiki a me ka digestion pū kekahi pili pili lele.
- hanu kūikawā: ʻōnaehana hanu kikoʻī, no ka mea he mau māmā ko lākou me nā ʻeke ʻea e ʻae ai iā lākou i ka holo mau o ka ea.
- ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana i hoʻomohala ʻia: E loaʻa i kahi ʻōnaehana makaʻu i hoʻomohala nui ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lolo, e pili ana i nā hana lele.
- Mea ʻai like ʻole: pili i kā lākou papaʻai, aia kekahi ʻano ākea ākea e pili ana i ka laha, i hiki ke hoʻopau i nā hua, nā hua a me nā pua, nā lau, nā ʻelala, nā kupapaʻu (nā holoholona i koe) a me ka nectar, e pili pono i kā lākou ala o ke ola.
- neʻe lōʻihi: nā ʻano kai he nui, e like me ka parla pouli (grisea ardenne) hiki iā ia ke hana i ka neʻe ʻana e like me ka lōʻihi loa, e ʻoi aku ana ma mua o 900 km i kēlā me kēia lā. E ʻike ma aneʻi ʻo wai nā manu neʻe.
ʻano manu
a puni ka honua aia ʻoi aku ma mua o 10,000 ʻano, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou i loli i ka wā o Cretaceous, ma kahi o 145 miliona mau makahiki i hala. I kēia manawa, ua hui ʻia lākou i ʻelua laina laina nui:
- Paleognathae: me nā ʻano he 50 i puʻunaue ʻia ma ka hemisphere hema,
- Neognathae: i haku ʻia o ke koena o nā laha i loaʻa ma nā ʻāina āpau.
Ma lalo, hoʻokomo mākou i kahi kiʻikuhi e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano manu i maopopo leʻa.
Nā laʻana o nā manu Paleognathae
Aia i waena o nā ʻano manu ʻo Palaeognathae:
- ka aeto (Struthio kāmelo): ʻo ia ka manu nui loa hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa i kēia lā a ʻo ka mea holo wikiwiki loa. Aia ia ma sub-Saharan ʻApelika.
- nā rheas: makemake Rhea ʻAmelika, like me nā ʻōhua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. Ua lilo ko lākou hiki ke lele a he holoholo maikaʻi hoʻi lākou a aia ma ʻAmelika Hema.
- ka inhambu-açu: makemake tinamus nui Aia nō lākou ma ʻAmelika Waena a me ʻAmelika Hema. Ke ʻauana nei lākou i nā manu a hana i nā lele pōkole ke makaʻu lākou.
- na ipu koli: makemake puʻu hoʻohene, i kēia manawa ma Australia a me New Guinea, a me ka emu Dromaius novaehollandiae, aia i Oceania. Ua hala ka hiki i nā mea ʻelua ke lele a he poʻe hele wāwae a i ʻole he kūkini.
- nā kiwi: endemik (aia wale nō ma kahi hoʻokahi) o Nūhōlani, e like me Apteryx owenii. He manu liʻiliʻi a poepoe lākou me nā ʻano honua.
Nā laʻana o nā manu Neognathae
Ma Neognathae komo lākou i ka hui like ʻole o ka nui o nā manu i kēia lā, no laila mākou e inoa ai i ko lākou lunamakaʻāinana kaulana a koʻikoʻi paha. Maanei hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa:
- moa moa: makemake gallus gallus, aia a puni ka honua.
- ʻUckspelu: e like me Anas sivilatrix, ma ʻAmelika Hema.
- nūnū maʻamau: makemake Columba livia, puʻunaue ʻia hoʻi, no ka mea aia ma ka hapa nui o ka honua.
- ʻulupā: e like me ka cuckoo maʻamau Cuculus canorus, hoihoi loa e hana i ka parasitism hānau, kahi e waiho ai nā wahine i kā lākou mau hua i nā pūnana o nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe. Ma ʻaneʻi e ʻike ai ʻoe i ke alanui alanui ʻO Geococcyx californiaianus, pīhoihoi e pili ana i kā lākou moʻomeheu panalāʻau e hānai ai.
- manu'ū: me nā laʻana e like Grus Grus me kona nui nui a me ka hiki ke neʻe i kahi mamao.
- limu: o kahi laʻana larus occidentalis, nā kai kai o ka waena me kekahi o nā ʻēheu nui loa (kahi mamao mai kahi ʻaoʻao a kahi hopena o nā ʻeheu).
- Manu manu lele: e like me ka ʻaeto aliʻi, ʻO Aquila chrysaetos, nā ʻano o ka nui a lele maikaʻi loa, a me nā pueo a me nā pueo, e like me ka ʻaeto gula ʻO Aquila chrysaetos, ʻano no kona plumage keʻokeʻo.
- nā penguins: me nā lunamakaʻāinana i hiki ke piʻi i 1,20 m ke kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka penguin emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri).
- ʻona hona: makemake Ardea alba, hoʻolaha ākea i ka honua a me kekahi o nā hui nui loa o kāna hui.
- manu hummingbirds: me nā reps liʻiliʻi like Mellisuga helenae, i ʻike ʻia he manu liʻiliʻi loa ma ka honua.
- kingfisher: makemake ʻO Alcedo atthis, ke pā aku nei no kona mau waihoʻoluʻu ʻōlinolino a me kona hiki ke lawaiʻa maikaʻi.
Inā makemake ʻoe e heluhelu hou aku i nā ʻatikala e like me Nā ʻano manu: nā ʻano, nā inoa a me nā laʻana, Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e komo i kā mākou Curiosities ʻāpana o ka honua holoholona.