Anter
- ka hanu ʻana i ke aupuni holoholona
- Nā ʻano o ka hanu holoholona
- Ka hanu ʻana i ka lepa i nā holoholona
- E hanu ana ka lepa i nā mea kolo
- Hanu pulmonary i nā manu
- hanu ʻaʻan o i nā holoholona
- hanu tracheal i nā holoholona
- Nā laʻana o ka hanu ʻana o Tracheal i nā holoholona
- Ka hanu ʻana o ka ʻili i nā holoholona
He mea nui ka hanu ʻana no nā mea ola āpau, e like me ka hanu ʻana o nā mea kanu. I ke aupuni holoholona, aia ka ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano hanu i nā anatomical adaptations o kēlā me kēia hui o nā holoholona a me ke ʻano o ka nohona a lākou e noho ai. Hana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hanu o nā ʻoka e hana lōkahi e hoʻokō i ka hoʻololi kinoea. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana, aia nō he a kuapo kinoea ma waena o ke kino a me ke kaiapuni, kahi e loaʻa ai ka holoholona i ka oxygen (O2), kahi kinoea e pono ai no kāna mau hana nui, a hoʻokuʻu i ka carbon dioxide (CO2), kahi hana nui ia, no ka mea he mea make ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i loko o ke kino.
Inā hoihoi ʻoe i ke aʻo ʻana e pili ana i nā ʻokoʻa ʻano hanu holoholona, e hoʻomau i ka heluhelu ʻana i kēia ʻatikala PeritoAnimal, kahi e kamaʻilio ai e pili ana i nā ʻano o ka hanu ʻana o nā holoholona a me nā ʻokoʻa a me nā paʻakikī nui.
ka hanu ʻana i ke aupuni holoholona
Māhele nā holoholona āpau i ka hana nui o ka hanu ʻana, akā pehea lākou e hana ai he moʻolelo ʻokoʻa ia i kēlā me kēia hui holoholona. Hoʻololi ke ʻano o ka hanu i ka hui o nā holoholona a me kā lākou nā hiʻohiʻona anatomical a me nā hoʻopili ʻana.
I kēia kaʻina hana, nā holoholona, a me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe, e hoʻololi i nā kinoea me ke kaiapuni a hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ka oxygen a hoʻopau i ke kalapona kalapona. Mahalo i kēia hana metabolic, hiki i nā holoholona loaʻa ka ikehu e hana i nā hana nui ʻē aʻe āpau, a he mea nui kēia no nā meaola aerobic, ʻo ia hoʻi kēlā mau mea e noho nei i ke alo o ka oxygen (O2).
Nā ʻano o ka hanu holoholona
Aia kekahi mau ʻano o ka hanu holoholona, i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i:
- hanu pulmonary: i hana ʻia ma o nā māmā. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke ʻokoʻa anatomically ma waena o nā holoholona. Pēlā nō, hoʻokahi wale nō māmā o kekahi mau holoholona, ʻoiai ʻelua ʻē aʻe i kekahi.
- hā hanu: ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka hanu o ka nui o nā iʻa a me nā holoholona kai. I kēia ʻano hanu ʻana, hana ka hoʻololi kinoea ma o nā gills.
- Ka hanu ʻana tracheal: ʻo kēia ka ʻano maʻamau o ka hanu ʻana i nā invertebrates, ʻoi loa nā mea kolo. Maʻaneʻi, ʻaʻole hoʻopili ka ʻōnaehana puni i ka hoʻololi kinoea.
- hanu ʻili: Aia ka hanu ʻili i ka amphibians a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e noho ana i nā wahi momona a ʻili lahilahi. I ka hanu cutaneus, e like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, hana ka hoʻololi kinoea ma o ka ʻili.
Ka hanu ʻana i ka lepa i nā holoholona
ʻO kēia ʻano hanu ʻana, kahi e loaʻa ai ka hoʻololi kinoea ma o nā ake māmā, hoʻolōʻihi ma waena o nā vertebrates terrestrial (e like me ka mammal, nā manu a me nā mea kolo), nā wai vertebrates (e like me cetaceans) a me nā amphibians, i hiki ke hanu i loko o ko lākou ʻili. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pūʻulu vertebrate, he ʻokoʻa nā anatomical adaptations o ka ʻōnaehana hanu a hoʻololi ke ʻano o nā māmā.
Hanu hanu Amphibian
I nā amphibians, hiki i nā māmā ke maʻalahi ʻeke vascularized, e like me nā salamanders a me nā rana, ʻo ia nā māmā i mahele ʻia i nā keʻena me nā pā e hoʻonui i ka ʻikepili pili no ka hoʻololi kinoea: ka alveoli.
E hanu ana ka lepa i nā mea kolo
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, loaʻa nā mea kolo ʻo nā ake māmā akepau ma mua o nā amphibians. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i mau ʻeke ea spongy i pili pili. Hoʻonui ka nui o nā wahi o ka hoʻololi kinoea i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā amphibians. ʻO kekahi ʻano lizards, no ka laʻana, ʻelua mau māmā, ʻoiai hoʻokahi wale nō nahesa.
Hanu pulmonary i nā manu
I nā manu, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, nānā mākou i kekahi o nā ʻōnaehana hanu ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma muli o ka hana o ka lele a me ke koi oxygen kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i kēia. Hoʻokomo ʻia ko lākou mau māmā e nā ʻeke ʻea, nā hale i loaʻa wale i nā manu. ʻAʻole hoʻopilikia nā ʻeke i ka hoʻololi o nā kinoea, akā hiki iā lākou ke mālama i ka ea a laila kipaku iā ia, ʻo ia hoʻi, hana lākou me he ʻōpala lā, e ʻae mau ai i nā mumū waiho waho ea hou e kahe ana i loko ou.
E hanu ana ka lepa i nā māmela
Loaʻa iā nā makuahine ʻelua mau māmā o nā mea lahilahi i māhele ʻia i loko o nā ʻula, a ʻo kona ʻano lāʻau-like, ʻoiai lākou e lālā i loko o bronchi a me nā bronchioles a hiki i ka alveoli, kahi e loaʻa ai ka hoʻololi kinoea. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā māmā i loko o ka hakahaka o ka umauma a kaupalena ʻia e ka diaphragm, kahi mākala e kōkua iā lākou a, me ka distension a me ka contraction, kōkua i ke komo a me ka puka o nā kinoea.
hanu ʻaʻan o i nā holoholona
ʻO nā gills nā ʻāpana ke kuleana hanu i loko o ka wai, he mau hale kūwaho a aia ma hope a ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻano ʻelua: ma ke ʻano o nā hale i hui ʻia i nā kaha gill a i ʻole nā apana lālā, e like me nā ʻūlū newt a me salamander, a i ʻole nā invertebrates ma ke ʻano he ʻelala o kekahi mau insect, annelids a me molluscs.
Ke komo ka wai i ka waha a puka i waho o nā kaha, "trapped" ka oxygen a hoʻohuli ʻia i ke koko a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Kūpono nā kūkaʻi kuni hoʻomaikaʻi i ka huina wai a i ʻole me ke kōkua o operasela, ka mea lawe i ka wai i nā gills.
Nā holoholona e hanu ana ma nā gills
ʻO kekahi mau laʻana o nā holoholona e hanu nei ma nā gills ʻo:
- Manta (Mobula birostris).
- Mano kohola (rhincodon typus).
- Pouch Lamprey (ʻO Geotria Australis).
- ʻOhana ʻaʻoki (tridacna gigas).
- ʻOkakopa Nui Nui (heʻe cyanea).
No ka ʻike hou aku, hiki iā ʻoe ke nīnau i kēia ʻatikala PeritoAnimal ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka hanu ʻana o ka iʻa?
hanu tracheal i nā holoholona
Hanu tracheal i nā holoholona ka mea maʻamau i nā invertebrates, nā mea kolo, arachnids, myriapods (centipedes a me millipedes), a pēlā aku. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻōnaehana tracheal i lālā o nā paipu a me nā auwaha e holo i loko o ke kino a pili pono me nā koina a me nā mea āpau, no laila, i kēia hihia, ʻaʻole hoʻopilikia ka ʻōnaehana puni i ka lawe ʻana i nā kinoea. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka oxygen me ka hiki ʻole i ka hemolymph (kahi wai mai ka ʻōnaehana kahe o nā invertebrates, e like me nā mea kolo, e hana nei i kahi hana e like me ke koko i nā kānaka a me nā vertebrates ʻē aʻe) a komo pololei i nā pūnaewele. I ka huli ʻana, pili pololei kēia mau kaha i waho ma o nā puka i kāhea ʻia stigmas a i ʻole nā ʻākala, ma o ia mea hiki ke hoʻopau i ka CO2.
Nā laʻana o ka hanu ʻana o Tracheal i nā holoholona
ʻO kekahi o nā holoholona i loaʻa ka hanu tracheal penei:
- Nalo wai (natator hanau).
- ʻŪhini (Caelifera).
- Nahenahe (Pālua hoʻomake).
- ʻO Bee (Apis mellifera).
- ʻO Asian Wasp (ʻōpuʻu velutine).
Ka hanu ʻana o ka ʻili i nā holoholona
I kēia hihia, hanu i loko o ka ʻili a ʻaʻole ma o kekahi mea ʻē aʻe e like me nā akemāmā a me nā hāhā. Hana ʻia ia ma kekahi ʻano laha o nā kolo, amphibians a me nā vertebrates ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā wahi pulu a me nā ʻili lahilahi. mammal e like me nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa, no ka laʻana, nona ka ʻili lahilahi ma luna o ko lākou mau ʻēheu a ma o kahi ʻāpana o ke kūkaʻa kino e hiki ai ke lawe ʻia. He mea nui loa kēia, no ka mea ma o a ʻili lahilahi a hawai, kōkua ʻia ka hoʻololi kinoea a, i kēia ala, hiki i ka oxygen a me carbon dioxide ke hele ma waena.
ʻO kekahi mau holoholona, e like me kekahi ʻano o nā amphibians a i ʻole nā kuhukukū palupalu ʻalalā mucous e kōkua iā lākou e mālama i ka ʻili i ka ʻili. Eia kekahi, no ka laʻana, loaʻa i nā amphibians ʻē aʻe nā pale o ka ʻili a pēlā e hoʻonui ai i ka pānaʻi a, ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohui i nā ʻano hanu, e like me ka māmā a me ka ʻili, 90% o nā amphibians hana i ka hoʻololi kinoea ma o ka ʻili.
Nā laʻana o nā holoholona e hanu ma o ko lākou ʻili
ʻO kekahi o nā holoholona e hanu nei i loko o ko lākou ʻili:
- Earthworm (lumbricus terrestris).
- Lāʻau lech (ʻO Hirudo medicinalis).
- Iberian newt (lyssotriton boscai).
- Rana kui eleele (ʻO Cultripe).
- Green rana (Pelophylax perezi).
- ʻĀhinahina kai (Paracentrotus lividus).
Inā makemake ʻoe e heluhelu hou aku i nā ʻatikala e like me Nā ʻano o ka hanu holoholona, Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e komo i kā mākou Curiosities ʻāpana o ka honua holoholona.