Anter
- ʻO Vespidae Subfamily
- ʻūpā ipuhao
- ʻōpuʻu pollen
- Tropical and subtropical wasps
- nā ʻūpā
- ʻO ka genera Euparagiinae lāua ʻo Stenogastrinae
- ʻO nā ʻano nūnū ʻike maikaʻi loa ʻia
- hore ʻūpā
- ʻūlū melemele
ʻO nā nalo, inoa kaulana o ka ʻūpā ma Brazil, he mau ʻenemi lākou no ka ʻohana Vespidae a he ʻāpana ia o kekahi o nā kauoha nui loa o nā ʻelala, e like me nā naonao, nā drones a me nā pi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Aia holoholona eusocial, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau ʻano i makemake i ka noho kaʻawale.
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa loa o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka nīwī ka "pūhaka", ka māhele e hoʻokaʻawale i ka thorax mai ka ʻōpū. pū kekahi hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka stinger hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i nā hanana like ʻole a ʻaʻole hoʻokahi wale nō manawa, e like me ka hanana o nā nalo meli.
Hana nā nalo i ko lākou mau pūnana mai ka pālolo a i ʻole nā mea kanu mea kanu; hiki i kēia mau mea i ka honua, i nā lāʻau, a i nā kaupaku a me nā paia o nā wahi noho kanaka; pili kēia mau mea a pau i ke ʻano o ka nīpī e kamaʻilio nei mākou. I kēia ʻatikala na PeritoAnimal ʻoe e ʻike ai i nā ʻano like ʻole ʻano o nā pepeiaohao. Heluhelu maikaʻi.
ʻO Vespidae Subfamily
I mea e ʻike pono ai i nā mea āpau e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻāpā, pono mākou e kikoʻī aia he 6 mau ʻohana ʻohana o nā nūpē a vespidae, e ka inoa ʻepekema, ʻo ia:
- Eumeninae - ʻo nā pūlipehe i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he ipu holoi ipuhao. Me ka 200 ʻano o ka moʻokalaleo, pili pū ka hapanui o nā ʻāpana ʻōpala.
- Euparagiinae - He ʻohana ia me kahi genus o nā nalo, kēlā o ka genus ʻuparagia.
- Masarinae - Pūpū pollen. Me nā genera 2, hānai lākou i ka pollen a me ka nectar ma kahi o ka mea pio.
- Polystinae -ʻO lākou nā ʻāpana tropical a subtropical i loaʻa he 5 mau kūpuna. He holoholona lākou e noho i nā kolone.
- Stenogastrinae - Subfamily nona ka nui o 8 genera, ʻano e pelu ana i kona mau ʻeheu ma kona kua e like me nā pi.
- Vespinae - Wasps eusocial a i ʻole e noho ana i nā kolone a nona nā 4 genera. Hoʻonui ʻia ka nohona ma mua o ka Polistinae.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai i nā ʻano nalo (a i ʻole nā pepeiaohao) i loko o ka ʻohana Vespidae he ākea a ʻano ʻokoʻa hoʻi ia, me nā lāhui e noho ana i nā kolone a i ʻole mehameha; ʻo nā mea kolo a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e ola ana i ka ʻai ʻana i ka pollen a me ka nectar. Aia nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka ʻohana like, e like me ka Vespinae.
I kēia ʻatikala ʻē aʻe e ʻike ai ʻoe pehea e makaʻu ai i nā nalo meli a me nā nalo.
ʻūpā ipuhao
ʻO nā nalo o ka ʻohana ʻO Eumeninae a i ʻole ʻo Eumeninos, ʻike ʻia no kekahi o nā ʻano i loko o kēia subfamily kūkulu lākou i ko lākou mau pūnana ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pālolo i ke ʻano o ka ipuhao a ipu paha. ʻO kahi kōpena ʻōpala ipuhao ka ʻO Zeta argillaceum, nāna e hoʻohana i nā lua ma ka honua, ka wahie a i ʻole nā pūnana i haʻalele ʻia. Ma loko o kēia ʻohana he ʻaneʻane kokoke i ka 200 mau moʻokūʻauhau ʻokoʻa o nā nūnū, ʻo ka hapanui o lākou he mehameha a he mau ʻano nohona primitive kekahi.
Hiki ke ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha kēia ʻano ʻōpelu a me nā lauana e hoʻohālikelike i ke kala o ke kua, e like me ka melemele a ʻalani paha. He holoholona lākou i hiki ke pelu i ko lākou mau ʻeheu e like me ka lōʻihi, e like me ka nui o nā nalo. ʻAi lākou i nā ʻenuhe a i ʻole nā ʻūlū beetle. Pau lākou i ka nectar e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka ikehu e lele.
ʻōpuʻu pollen
Ma waena o nā ʻano like ʻole o nā nalo, kēlā o ka ʻohana Masarinae a i ʻole masarinos nā kolo i hānai wale i ka pollen a me ka nectar mai nā pua. ʻOi aku ka like o kēia ʻano me nā nalo meli mai ka hapanui o nā nīnīnē he ʻano maʻamau ka lawena karnivorous. I kēia subfamily ka genera Gayellini a Masarini.
E like me ka ipuhao ipuhao, pouli ke ʻano o kēia ʻano werep me ke kani ʻokoʻa e like me ke ʻano ʻulaʻula, keʻokeʻo, melemele a me nā mea hou aʻe. He antennae ko lākou ʻano ʻāpala a noho i nā pūnana pālolo a i ʻole nā lua i hana ʻia ma ka honua. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma ʻApelika Hema, ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAmelika Hema i nā wahi wao nahele.
Tropical and subtropical wasps
polystine a i ʻole nā mea holoi Polystinae he lālā ʻohana o nā vespids, kahi e hiki ai iā mākou ke loaʻa kahi huina 5 kūʻauhau ʻokoʻa. ʻo ia nā ʻano ʻO Polystes, Mischocyttauros, Polybia, Brachygastra a Ropalidia. ʻO lākou nā nalo e noho ana i nā aniau tropical a subtropical, a he eusocial.
He ʻōpū ʻōpū ko lākou, me nā antennae ʻōwili i ka hihia o nā kāne. Ua like nā wahine wahine wahine me nā limahana, kahi mea laha ʻole ʻoiai ʻo ka mōʻī wahine o ke kolone nui ka nui. nā ʻano Polopeka a ʻO Brachygastra loaʻa ka peculiarity o ka hana ʻana i ka meli.
nā ʻūpā
ʻO kēia mau puʻupuʻu, ʻo ka nīnūnū pū kekahi Vespinae, he ʻohana ʻohana he 4 kona hanauna, kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana ʻO Dolichovespula, Provespa, Vespa a me Vespula. Noho kekahi o kēia mau ʻano i nā kolone, he parasite kekahi a hoʻomoe i kā lākou mau hua i nā pūnana o nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe.
he mau nalo holoi i loaʻa ka manaʻo hoʻomohala hou loa o ka pilikanaka i ka Polystinae. ʻO nā pūnana he ʻano pepa, hana ʻia mai nā olonā wahie ʻia, a pūnana lākou i nā kumulāʻau a me ka honua. Hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā ʻāina āpau o ka honua, koe wale nō ʻo Antarctica. ʻAi lākou i nā mea kolo a, i kekahi mau ʻano, kaʻiʻo o na holoholona make.
Hoʻokomo kekahi ʻano i nā pūnana o nā laha ʻē aʻe, pepehi i ke mōʻī wahine o ke kolone a hoʻoikaika i nā ʻūlū limahana e mālama i nā moa komo hewa. Hiki iā lākou komo i nā pūnana o nā ʻano like a i ʻole nā pūnana o nā ʻano i pili pili iā lākou. I ke ʻano ʻO Wasp aia nā nalo i kapa ʻia i nā lālani he hornets, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o lākou ma mua o nā nīnani kuʻuna.
ʻO ka genera Euparagiinae lāua ʻo Stenogastrinae
I ka hihia o ka subfamily Euparagiinae o nā nīnū aia kahi genus hoʻokahi, kuhikuhi mākou i ka genus ʻuparagia. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e ka loaʻa ʻana o nā veins i loko o nā ʻeheu, me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi patch ʻano ma ka mesothorax a me nā forelegs me nā ʻano kū hoʻokahi. Noho lākou i nā wahi wao nahele o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Mexico.
ka ʻohana ʻohana ʻO Stenogastrinae, ma ka huli, he 8 kona ʻano piha, kahi a mākou e ʻike ai i nā ʻano Anischnogaster, Cochlischnogaster, Eustenogaster, Liostenogaster, Metischnogaster, Parischnogaster, Stenogaster a me Parischnogaster. ʻO lākou nā ʻano nūpē e ke pelu ʻana i ko lākou mau ʻeheu ma hope o ko lākou kua a ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i kēia lōʻihi e like me ke koena o ka ʻohana.
I kēia subfamily aia nā mea ola e noho ana i nā kolone a me nā laha e noho hoʻokahi, Aia ma nā wahi tropical o Asia, Indochina, India a me Indonesia.
A ʻoiai mākou e kamaʻilio nei e pili ana i nā mea kolo, makemake paha ʻoe i kēia ʻatikala ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā mea kolo ʻino loa ma Brazil.
ʻO nā ʻano nūnū ʻike maikaʻi loa ʻia
Ma waena o nā nalo kaulana ma Brazil, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i ka ʻū lio, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka ʻūlū holoholona, a me ka ʻū melemele. E wehewehe iki aʻe i kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻōpē ma lalo:
hore ʻūpā
Ua hāʻawi ʻia i ka ʻāpuʻu ʻāpā a i ʻole ʻūpā i nā inoa ʻokoʻa, a e ʻike ʻia paha, e like me ka moku ʻo Brazil, e like me ʻīlio ʻīlio ʻīlio, ʻūlū lūlū a me ka hahai holoholona punawelewele. ʻO nā holoholona i kapa ʻia he ʻāpana ia o ka ʻohana Pompilidae, ʻoi loa nā mea kolo o ka genus pepsis.
ʻElua mau ʻano o ka ʻāpio lio e makaʻu loa ai ia: noʻonoʻo ʻia e nā mea he nui ka ʻelima me ka nahu ʻeha loa o ka honua. ʻO ka ʻē aʻe ʻimi ʻimi ia i nā nananana i lilo lākou i poʻe hoʻokipa a, ma hope, he papa ʻai na kā lākou larvae.
ʻO kēia ʻano ʻōpē, ma ka awelika, 5 kenimika, akā hiki i kekahi mau kānaka ke hiki i 11 mau kenimika.
ʻūlū melemele
E like me ka hapanui o nā pepeiaohao, ʻo ka nalo melemele kahi mea kolo weliweli ʻē aʻe ma muli o kona ʻū. Ma waho o ka ʻeha he nui, hiki ke kumu nā hopena āpau a me ka pehu.
ʻO ka nalo melemele (Kelemānia Vespula) noho ka hapa nui o ka hemisphere ʻĀkau o ka honua, aia ma ʻEulopa, Hema ʻAsia a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau.
Hoʻokomo ʻia kona ʻōpū i nā papa melemele a me nā ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele loa kāna antennae. ʻO nā pūnana maʻamau hana ʻia o cellulose a nānā e like me nā pōpō pepa ma ka honua, akā hiki iā lākou ke kūkulu ʻia ma ke kaupaku a i loko o nā paia o ka lua. ʻOi aku ka hakakā o kēia ʻano ʻāpā, no laila he mea nui e hōʻole ʻole i ka hele ʻana i ka holoholona a me kāna pūnana.
Inā makemake ʻoe e heluhelu hou aku i nā ʻatikala e like me Nā ʻano o nā nalo - Nā kiʻi, nā laʻana a me nā ʻano, Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e komo i kā mākou Curiosities ʻāpana o ka honua holoholona.