Nā mea palaho: he aha lākou, ʻano a me nā laʻana

Mea Kākau: Peter Berry
Lā O Ka Hana: 11 Iulai 2021
HōʻAno Hou I Ka Lā: 14 Nowemapa 2024
Anonim
ĻAUNS SPĒKS, LIDOJAS PA PAMETO CIEMU
Wikiō: ĻAUNS SPĒKS, LIDOJAS PA PAMETO CIEMU

Anter

I kēlā me kēia kaiaolaola, e like me ia kaulahao meaʻai kahi e loaʻa ai iā mākou nā meaola e hana ana i nā mea kanu (ʻaʻohe mea hana holoholona) a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā holoholona, ​​aia kekahi kaulahao meaʻai detritivorous, nona ka pahuhopu e hoʻololi i nā meaola āpau mai nā kaula meaʻai ʻē aʻe i nā mea inorganic, e hoʻopili hou ʻia kēia mau mea hoʻohui e nā mea kanu. Ma loko o kēia kaulahao ʻike mākou i nā mea decompose a detritive paha, kekahi o ia mau mea e pala ana i nā holoholona, ​​ʻoiai ka hapanui o lākou he fungi a bacteria paha.

Ma kēia ʻatikala na PeritoAnimal e ʻike mākou i nā decomposers a me ke koʻikoʻi o kā lākou kuleana i ke kaiaola.

He aha nā mea decompose

ʻO nā mea palaho meaola heterotrophic hānai i nā mea ʻokanika i ke kaʻina hana o ka palaho a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpala mai nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, e like me nā faeces. Kāhea ʻia kēia mau meaola saprophages. ʻO ka palaho kahi hana kūlohelohe e pono ai i nā kaiaolaola no ka hoʻohou o ka mea a me ka ikehu. Hana ʻia e ka lehulehu o nā meaola, ka hapa nui o lākou palaoa hoʻohaʻahaʻa aiʻole nā ​​meaola chemoorganotrophic no ka mea loaʻa iā lākou ka ikehu ma o nā hopena kemika, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā meaola popopo ma ke ʻano he substrate.


ʻO kekahi hui nui loa o nā meaola ka popo pala, microscopic a me macroscopic ʻelua. ʻO ka hope, ʻoiai lākou ma ka hoʻomaka o ke kaulahao detritivore, ʻike mākou i ka holoholona popopo, me ka poʻe scavenger kahi hui nui.

Nā decomposers i ke kaulahao meaʻai

I kēlā me kēia kaiaolaola, aia kahi kaulahao meaʻai kahi e hiki ai ke loaʻa nā mea hana, nā mea kūʻai aku a me nā decomposers. ʻO ka hana hope loa ma hope o ka make ʻana o nā mea hana a me nā mea kūʻai aku like ʻole.

Nā meaola i hopena ʻia mai nā mea hana a me nā mea kūʻai (stool, biomass a me nā ʻōpala ʻē aʻe i hoʻopau ʻia e ke kino) lawelawe ma ke ʻano meaʻai no ka decomposers e like me fungi a me bacteria, ʻo ia kāu kumu o ka ikehu a me nā meaʻai.


Ka mea nui o nā decomposers i ke kūlohelohe

ʻO ke kuleana o nā decomposers no ke kaulike kaiaola o ke kaiaolaola he mea nui. He mea nui lākou i ka ke kaulike kaiaola, ʻoiai lākou e hoʻololi i nā meaola i loko o nā meaola ʻole, a laila hoʻi i nā meaʻai i ke kaiapuni. E ʻae kēia i kēia mau meaola e hoʻohana hou ʻia e nā mea ola ʻē aʻe e hoʻohua i nā meaola hou.

I ka pōkole, aia nā mea palaho ke kuleana o hoʻopōʻaiapuni i nā meaola i ka kaulahao meaʻai.

Nā ʻano o nā mea palaho

Aia he nui ʻekolu mau ʻano decomposers, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me kumu o nā meaola decomposing, inā he kino kupapaʻu a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana o ia mea, mea kanu make a i ʻole nā ​​feces. No laila, ʻo nā ʻano i loaʻa iā mākou:


Nā kānaka Detritivorous

ʻO lākou ka mea e hānai i ka ʻōpala aiʻole mai nā ʻāpana mea kanu i hōʻiliʻili i ka lepo, e like me nā lau, nā aʻa, nā lālā a i ʻole nā ​​hua, a ma hope o ka palaho ʻana, pau ka humus, kahi lepo i waiwai nui i nā meaola.

mea ʻili palaoa

ʻAi kēia mau meaola i nā kupapaʻu a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana o ke kino o nā holoholona popopo. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻomaka ʻia kēia hana e nā koʻohune e kōkua i ka asimilation o nā meaola i nā holoholona popopo.

mau mea coprophagous

ʻO lākou nā meaola, ka hapanui o nā fungi a me nā holoholona decomposing, e hānai i nā meaola i hiki ke assimilated mai nā feces.

Hoʻoholo holoholona

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o nā holoholona palaho ka mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO nā mea ola e pili ana i ke aupuni holoholona e hānai ana i nā meaola popopo.

Ua loaʻa iā mākou nā holoholona decompose i loko o nā hui invertebrate a me vertebrate. Ma waena o nā mea mua, ʻo ka pūʻulu nui paha nā mea kolo, o nā ʻano he nui, e like me ka lele, nā nalo a me nā nalo. Ma hea mākou e ʻike ai i nā laʻana hou aʻe o ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā holoholona vertebrate i nā hui o māmela a me nā manu.

Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, ka nui o kēia ʻano holoholona loli me ke aniau. ʻO kahi laʻana, kākaʻikahi ka palaho ʻana o nā holoholona i ka wao nahele, he mau invertebrata wale nō. Aia ia i nā wahi pulu kahi e hiki ai iā mākou ke ʻike i nā mea ʻokoʻa loa o kēia mau meaola, ʻo ia nā holoholona popopo o ka nahele nā ​​mea me ka ʻokoʻa loa.

Nā laʻana o nā holoholona palaho

Ma lalo, hōʻike mākou i kahi papa inoa me nā laʻana o nā holoholona palaho hoʻokaʻina ʻia e ka ʻano:

Nā laʻana o nā holoholona Detritivorous

  • Nā ʻenuhe honua (ʻohana Lubricidae), hana nui i hoʻokumu humus.
  • Gastropods (Mollusks, Lemas a me nā Snails). ʻAi pū ka hapa nui o kēia mau holoholona i nā mea kanu ola, kahi e lilo ai i poʻe pests.
  • omnides a i ʻole ululāʻau (ʻO Subic Omnicides).

Laʻana o nā holoholona scavenger

  • Diptera a i ʻole lele (Nā ʻohana Sarcophagidae, ʻO Calliphoridae, Phoridae a i ʻole Muscidae). Ma ʻepekema kilokilo Lawe ʻia kēia mau holoholona a me nā nalo e hoʻoholo i ka manawa o ka make.
  • Coleoptera a i ʻole nā ​​Beetles (Nā ʻohana Silphidae a i ʻole Dermestidae)
  • hyenas (Ohana Hyaenidae). ʻAʻole hoʻokomo kekahi mau kaiaolaola i nā holoholona i loko o ke kino he scavenger, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he kuleana nui lākou i ka palaho ʻana o nā kupapaʻu.
  • ʻekueʻa (Ohana ʻO Accipitridae a Cathartidae)

Nā laʻana o nā holoholona lepo

  • Coleoptera a i ʻole nā ​​Beetles (Nā ʻohana Scarabaeidae, ʻO Geotrupidae a Hybosoridae). Hoʻopili kēia i ka mea kaulana nā nalo lepo.
  • Diptera a i ʻole lele (Nā ʻohana ʻO Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae a i ʻole Muscidae). Lele ʻōmaʻomaʻo (Phaenicia sericata) ʻike nui ʻia e pili ana i ka lepo holoholona.
  • ʻAiwi ʻAikupika (Neophron percnopterus). Ma waho aʻe o ka lilo ʻana i scavenger, hoʻopiha ia i kāna papaʻai me nā ʻāpana bipi e ʻānai i nā carotenoids (pigment lau) i hāʻawi i kona nuku i kona kala kupaianaha.

Inā makemake ʻoe e heluhelu hou aku i nā ʻatikala e like me Nā mea palaho: he aha lākou, ʻano a me nā laʻana, Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e komo i kā mākou Curiosities ʻāpana o ka honua holoholona.