Anter
- he aha ka parasitism
- Nā ʻano o ka parasitism
- Nā pōmaikaʻi o ka noho ʻana ma ke ʻano he parasite
- Nā maikaʻi ʻole o ka noho ʻana ma ke ʻano he parasite
- nā laʻana o ka parasitism
ʻO ka Parasitism kekahi o nā hoʻolālā ola ākea ākea i loko o ka Animal Kingdom, me ka liʻiliʻi he 20% o nā holoholona i ʻano parasite o nā meaola ʻē aʻe.
Aia he ʻauhau wale nō i haku ʻia o nā mea parasite, e like me nā mea ʻino a me nā acanthocephali (nā worm parasite). Noho kēia ʻano meaola i ke kumu kūʻai o nā mea ola ʻē aʻe, no ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole no kahi manawa pōkole.
Ma kēia ʻatikala na PeritoAnimal e aʻo mākou i ke ʻano o ka parasitism, nā ʻano ʻokoʻa e ola nei, a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā mea maikaʻi a me nā maikaʻi ʻole o kēia ʻano nohona a me kekahi mau laʻana.
he aha ka parasitism
ʻO Parasitism kahi ʻano o ka symbiosis kahi i hōʻino ʻia ai kekahi o nā meaola (host), ʻo ia hoʻi, mai loaʻa kahi pōmaikaʻi a ʻeha pū kekahi i ka hōʻino ʻia mai ka pilina. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, loaʻa ka parasite iā ia ke ʻano ola i kēia pilina. Ke hoʻomau nei kēia ʻano pilina a hiki i ka make ʻana o kekahi o nā mea ʻelua (parasite a mea hoʻokipa paha).
Ma loko o kēia pilina, no kēlā me kēia lālā ʻano ʻokoʻa. Pono ka parasite e noho i ka mea hoʻokipa e kiʻi i ka meaʻai, pinepine i nā mea genetical e hana i kāna mau protein ponoʻī, a loaʻa pū kekahi i kāna wahi noho i ka mea hoʻokipa, me ka ʻole o ia e hiki ʻole ke ola.
No kēia mau kumu āpau, nā meaola nā meaola e pono ai a pili a pili mau me ka mea hoʻokipa (o kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe), ka mea e hāʻawi iā ia me ka meaʻai, nā ʻenemoni digestive a i ʻole nā mea pono a paipai iā ia e hoʻomohala a hana hou paha.
Nā ʻano o ka parasitism
Nui a hewahewa nā ala e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā parasites, ma lalo nei mākou e hōʻike ai i ka ʻike a i hoʻohana ʻia paha.
hoʻākāka ʻauhau: taxonomically, hoʻolaha ʻia nā parasites ma ke ʻano he phytoparasites ke hoʻopili lākou i nā mea kanu a me nā zooparasites ke hoʻopili lākou i nā holoholona. I ka parasitology, kahi ʻepekema e aʻo i nā parasite, mālama wale ʻia nā zooparasites.
Hoʻonohonoho e like me ka pae o ka hilinaʻi a ka parasite i ka mea hoʻokipa.
- Parasite koho: kēlā mau laha parasitic i hiki ke noho ma o kekahi ʻano o ke ola ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka parasitic.
- parasite kauoha: nā mea hiki ʻole ke noho ma waho o ka mea hoʻokipa, no ka mea, hilinaʻi loa lākou ia no kēlā me kēia pae o ka hoʻomohala.
- nā parasites pōpilikia: parasites i kuhi hewa hewahewa i loko o kahi holoholona ʻaʻole ia ʻo kāna mea maʻa mau a hiki ke ola.
- parasite hele hewa: Parasites e noho nei i loko o nā holoholona e hana maʻamau pēlā i loko o kahi mea kikoʻī a i ʻole nāʻaʻaʻa. ʻO kahi parasite e loaʻa iā ia iho i kahi hui ʻaʻole ia ka mea hoʻokipa maʻamau i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he parasite erratic.
Hoʻokaʻina e like me ka wahi o ka parasite ma loko o ka mea hoʻokipa
- endoparasite: ʻO kēia nā parasites e pono ai e noho i loko o ka mea hoʻokipa, e like me ka puʻuwai, nā māmā, ke akepaʻa a i ʻole ka digestive tract.
- ectoparasite: noho lākou i ka mea hoʻokipa, akā ʻaʻole loa i loko. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma ka ʻili a me ka lauoho.
Hoʻohui ʻia e like me ka lōʻihi o ka manawa a ka parasite e mālama ai i ka mea nāna i mālama:
- Nā parasites kūlohelohe: ka manawa o ka parasitic kahi manawa a kū wale ma ka ʻili o ka holoholona (host), ʻaʻole i loko. ʻAi ka parasite i ka mea hoʻokipa, kona ʻili a i ʻole kona koko, no ka laʻana.
- Periodic parasite: pono e hala ka parasite i kekahi o kāna pae o ke ola (hua manu, larva, ʻōpio a i ʻole makua) i loko o ka mea hoʻokipa, a ma hope e ola manuahi ia.
- Parasite paʻa: pono ke lilo ka parasite i kona ola holoʻokoʻa i loko a i waho paha o ka mea hoʻokipa inā e ola ia.
Nā pōmaikaʻi o ka noho ʻana ma ke ʻano he parasite
I ka hoʻomaka, nā holoholona a mākou i ʻike ai i kēia lā he parasite a nohona manuahi i ka wā i hala. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma kekahi kiko i loko o ka evolution ua loaʻa i kēia mau holoholona kahi ʻano parasite e manaʻo ai iā lākou e loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻano o ke keu pono.
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi mua loa i loaʻa i nā parasites ʻo ia o wahi noho. Loaʻa i nā holoholona nā ʻano hana e mālama i ka homeostasis i loko o kona kino, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka parasite i ka manawa kūpono e noho i kahi kaiapuni i loaʻa ʻole nā fluctuations.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he ala maʻalahi ko lākou e hoʻomāhele i kāu keiki ma luna o nā wahi nui wikiwiki. ʻO kahi laʻana, inā hoʻokuʻu ka parasite i nā hua ma o nā feces a kāna mea hoʻokipa, e hōʻoia ia e ulu ana kāna keiki i kahi ʻē aʻe. No kahi parasite, ka mea ʻai pili kokoke a loaʻa mau ia, no ka mea hānai ia i ka mea hoʻokipa a i ʻole ʻāpana o ka meaʻai āna e ʻai ai.
Nā maikaʻi ʻole o ka noho ʻana ma ke ʻano he parasite
ʻAʻole maikaʻi nā mea āpau no nā holoholona parasite. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka noho ʻana i loko o kahi kino e hana i ka mamao loa nā congeners parasite, ma ke ākea a me ka manawa, no ka mea e noho lākou ma nā mea hoʻokipa ʻē aʻe, no laila pono e ʻike ʻia nā hoʻolālā hoʻohua kolohe e kūlike me ka genetic material.
Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, ʻaʻole makemake nā malihini i ka parasites, no laila e ʻenemi lākou i nā parasites a e hoʻāʻo e kāpae iā lākou i nā koina āpau, e laʻa me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Pēlā nō, hiki i ka mea hoʻokipa ke make, no laila ʻaʻole mau ka nohona.
nā laʻana o ka parasitism
Ma kēia ʻāpana hōʻike mākou i kekahi o nā pilina parasite kaulana a kaulana loa, a he mau zoonose pū kekahi o lākou.
- KA coccidiosis he maʻi i hana ʻia e kahi hui o nā parasite prosthetic no ka subcassass Coccidiasina. Hoʻomaʻa ʻia ʻo Coccidia i nā parasite intracellular, no laila pono lākou i kahi mea hoʻokipa e noho, a ʻaʻole pono lākou i loko o ka holoholona wale nō, akā i loko o kāna mau hunaola.
- KA echinococcosis a i ʻole ka maʻi hydatid ʻo ia kekahi maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka pilina ma waena o kahi parasite o ka papa Cestoda a me kahi mammal, ʻo ka manawa maʻamau he pipi, nā holoholona a i ʻole ke kanaka. ʻO Cestoids he endoparasites o ka digestive tract e like me ka tapeworms. Hiki i kā lākou larvae ke hele ma waena o ke koko i nā lālā ʻē aʻe, e like me ke akepaʻa, e hana ana i nā cists hidatid.
- ʻO nā leʻaleʻa a me nā kika kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi o ka parasitism. I kēia hihia, noho nā parasite ma luna o ka holoholona a ʻaʻole ma loko.
Inā makemake ʻoe e heluhelu hou aku i nā ʻatikala e like me Parasitism - he aha ia, ʻano a me nā laʻana, Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e komo i kā mākou Curiosities ʻāpana o ka honua holoholona.