Anter
- ʻO Whittaker's 5 Realms o nā Mea Ola
- 1. Aupuni Monera
- 2. Aupuni Kūʻē
- 3. Fungi Aupuni
- 4. Aupuni Kanu
- 5. Animalia Aupuni
- Makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou e pili ana i nā mea ola o ka Honua?
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā meaola āpau i ʻelima mau aupuni, mai nā koʻohune liʻiliʻi i nā kānaka. ʻO kēia hoʻonohonoho ʻana nā kumu kumu i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻepekema ʻO Robert Whittaker, i hāʻawi nui i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea e ola ana ma ka Honua.
Makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou e pili ana i ka 5 mau wahi o nā mea ola? I loko o kēia ʻatikala na PeritoAnimal, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mea ola i ʻelima mau aupuni a me ko lākou ʻano nui.
ʻO Whittaker's 5 Realms o nā Mea Ola
ʻO Robert Whittaker he alakaʻi kālaimeaola mea kanu i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa nāna i kia i ka ʻāpana o ka loiloi kaiaulu mea kanu. ʻO ia ke kanaka mua i noi e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea ola āpau i ʻelima mau aupuni. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Whittaker ma luna o nā ʻano nui ʻelua no kāna hoʻohālikelike ʻana:
- Hoʻokaʻina o nā mea ola e like me kā lākou papaʻai: ke kaukaʻi ʻana inā e hānai ka meaola ma o ka photosynthesis, ka omo ʻana a i ʻole kaʻai ʻana. ʻO Photosynthesis ka hana a nā mea kanu e lawe ai i ke kalapona mai ka lewa a hana i ka ikehu. ʻO ka absorption ke ʻano o ka hānai ʻana, no ka laʻana, bacteria. ʻO kaʻai ka hana o ka lawe ʻana i nā mea momona ma ka waha. E aʻo hou e pili ana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā holoholona i ka meaʻai i kēia ʻatikala.
- Hoʻokaʻina o nā mea ola e like me kā lākou pae o ka hoʻonohonoho cellula: loaʻa iā mākou nā meaola prokaryote, nā eukaryote unicellular a me nā eukaryotes multicellular. ʻO nā Prokaryotes nā meaola unicellular, ʻo ia hoʻi, i hana ʻia e hoʻokahi pūnaewele, a ʻike ʻia e ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi nucleus i loko o lākou, ʻike ʻia kā lākou mea hana pilikino i loko o ke kele. Hiki i nā meaola Eukaryotic ke unicellular a i ʻole multicellular (i hana ʻia i ʻelua a ʻoi mau keena), a ʻo ko lākou ʻano nui ka ʻike ʻia o kā lākou mea kūlohelohe i loko o kahi hale i kapa ʻia he nucleus, ma loko o ke kele a i ʻole nā hunaola.
Ke hui pū nei i nā hiʻohiʻona i hana i nā papa maʻa mua ʻelua, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Whittaker i nā mea ola āpau i ʻelima mau aupuni: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae a me Animalia.
1. Aupuni Monera
Ke aupuni monera komo pū meaola prokaryotic unicellular. ʻO ka hapanui o lākou e hānai ma o ke komo ʻana, akā hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokō i ka photosynthesis, e like me ka hihia me cyanobacteria.
loko o ke aupuni monera ua loaʻa iā mākou ʻelua mau subrealms, ka o archaebacteria, ʻo ia nā microorganism e noho nei i nā kaiapuni nui loa, e laʻa me nā wahi me nā mahana nui loa, e like me nā cesspools mehana ma ka papakū. A ʻo ka subkingdom hoʻi o ka eubacteria. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo Eubacteria ma kahi o nā kaiapuni āpau o ka honua, he kuleana nui lākou i ko Honua ola a me kekahi kumu maʻi.
2. Aupuni Kūʻē
Hoʻopili kēia aupuni i nā meaola eukariota paʻa hoʻokahi a ʻo kekahi meaola multicellular maʻalahi. ʻEkolu mau subrealms nui o ka Protist aupuni:
- ʻAmeleka: unicellular a i ʻole multicellular aquatic meaola e lawe i ka photosynthesis. Hoʻololi lākou i ka nui, mai nā microscopic species, e like me micromonas, i nā meaola nunui i hiki i 60 mika ka lōʻihi.
- ʻO Protozoa: unicellular nui, lawe lima, a me nā meaola hānai hānai (e like me nā amoebas). Aia lākou ma kahi o nā wahi āpau āpau a hoʻopili pū kekahi i nā parasites pathogenic o nā kānaka a me nā holoholona home.
- fungi protist: nā mea kūpale e omo i kā lākou meaʻai mai nā mea ola make. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i nā hui 2, nā hopena slime a me nā wai kūpale. Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā protist like fungus i nā pseudopods ("kapuaʻi wahaheʻe") e neʻe.
3. Fungi Aupuni
Ke aupuni fungi haku ʻia e nā meaola multicellular eukaryotic hānai ma o ke komo ʻana. ʻO lākou ka hapa nui o nā meaola, nāna e hūnā i nā enzyme digestive a komo i nā moleolaolaola liʻiliʻi e hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka hana o kēia mau enzyme. I loko o kēia aupuni ua loaʻa nā ʻano fungus like ʻole a pau me nā fungus.
4. Aupuni Kanu
Aia kēia aupuni i ka nā meaola multicellular eukaryotic hana photosynthesis. Ma o kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻopuka nā mea kanu i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī mai ke kalapona kalapona a me ka wai a lākou e hopu ai.ʻAʻohe oiwi iwi paʻa nā mea kanu, no laila he paia ko ko lākou mau keena āpau e paʻa mau ai.
Loaʻa iā lākou nā lālā moekolohe i multicellular a hana i nā embryos i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa. ʻO nā meaola hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa ma kēia aupuni, no ka laʻana, mosses, ferns a me nā mea kanu pua.
5. Animalia Aupuni
Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia aupuni nā meaola multicellular eukaryotic. ʻAi lākou i ka ʻai ʻana, ʻai i ka meaʻai a ʻeli ʻia i loko o nā ana kūikawā i loko o ko lākou kino, e like me ka ʻōnaehana digestive i vertebrates. ʻAʻohe o nā meaola i kēia aupuni i loaʻa ka paia o ka pūnaewele, e pili ana i nā mea kanu.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o nā holoholona he hiki iā lākou ke neʻe mai kēlā me kēia wahi i kahi ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku a i ʻole ka manawaleʻa ʻana. Pili nā holoholona āpau ma ka honua i kēia pūʻulu, mai nā ʻenemi moana a i nā ʻīlio a me nā kānaka.
Makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou e pili ana i nā mea ola o ka Honua?
E ʻike ma Perito i nā mea āpau e pili ana i nā holoholona, mai nā dinosauru kai a i nā holoholona karnivorous e noho ana ma ka honua Honua. E lilo i mākaukau holoholona iā ʻoe iho!