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- He aha ka mutualism?
- ʻO nā kumukūʻai o ka mutualism
- Nā ʻano o ka Mutualism
- Nā laʻana o ka Mutualism
- ʻO ka Mutualism ma waena o nā nahena ʻoki lau a me nā fungi
- Mutualism ma waena o rumen a me nā microorganism ruminant
- ʻO Mutualism ma waena o nā kauapo a me ka actinobacteria
- Mutualism ma waena o nā ants a me nā aphids
- Mutualism ma waena o nā holoholona frugivorous a me nā mea kanu
Ma nā pilina ma waena o nā mea ola like ʻole noho kekahi o nā kumuhana nui o ke aʻo ʻana i ka ʻepekema. Eia kekahi, ua aʻo nui ʻia ka mutualism, a i kēia manawa kū maoli nā hihia kūlike ʻole o nā holoholona. Inā a hiki i kēia manawa i manaʻo ʻia he mau hihia kahi i loaʻa ai hoʻokahi wale nō pono i ke ʻano ʻē aʻe mai kekahi, i kēia lā ʻike mākou he mau nō ka pānaʻi ʻana i kēia ʻano pilina, ʻo ia hoʻi, me nā loaʻa ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua.
I kēia ʻatikala PeritoAnimal, e wehewehe mākou i ke ʻano o mutualism i ka biology, nā ʻano e ola nei a e ʻike mākou i kekahi mau laʻana. E ʻike i nā mea āpau e pili ana i kēia ʻano pilina ma waena o nā holoholona. Heluhelu maikaʻi!
He aha ka mutualism?
ʻO Mutualism kahi ʻano o ka pilina symbiotic. I kēia pilina, ʻelua mau mea like ʻole pōmaikaʻi o ka pilina ma waena o lākou, ke kiʻi ʻana i kahi mea (ʻai, puʻuhonua, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) i hiki ʻole ke loaʻa iā lākou ke ʻole ke alo o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. He mea nui ʻaʻole e huikau i ka mutualism me ka symbiosis. KA ʻokoʻa ma waena o mutualism a me symbiosis noho i loko o kēlā mutualism kahi ʻano symbiosis ma waena o nā mea ʻelua.
He hiki nō paha kēlā me kēia meaola ma ka Honua Honua i kekahi ʻano pili me kekahi meaola ʻē aʻe o kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa. Eia kekahi, he mea nui kēia ʻano pilina i ka mōʻaukala o ka evolution, no ka laʻana, he hopena ia o ka mutualism i ke kumu o ka eukaryotic cell, ʻ mea kanu mea kanu ma luna o ka honua a i ʻole ka ʻokoʻa hana angiosperm a mea kanu pua paha.
ʻO nā kumukūʻai o ka mutualism
I ka manaʻo mua ua manaʻo ʻia he mutualism a hana pono ʻole e nā meaola. I kēia mau lā, ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia, a ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka lawe ʻana mai kekahi mea ʻē aʻe i hiki ʻole iā ʻoe ke hana a loaʻa paha iā ia nā kumukūʻai.
ʻO kēia ka hihia no nā pua e hoʻohua i ka nectar e ʻumeʻume i nā kolo, i pili ka pollen i ka holoholona a hoʻopuehu. ʻO kekahi laʻana ʻo nā mea kanu me nā hua momona kahi e ʻohi ai nā holoholona frugivorous i ka hua a hoʻopuehu i nā hua ma hope o ka hele ʻana i kā lākou digestive tract. No nā mea kanu, ke hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi hua a hoʻolilo ikehu nui pōmaikaʻi iki iā lākou.
Eia nō naʻe, ke aʻo ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena kūpono e pili ana i ka nui o nā kumukūʻai no kēlā me kēia kanaka he hana paʻakikī. ʻO ka mea nui ma ka pae laha a ma ka pae evolution, mutualism kahi hoʻolālā maikaʻi.
Nā ʻano o ka Mutualism
No ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā pilina like ʻelua i ka biology, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia mau pilina i mau hui.
- ʻO ka mutualism mandatory a me ka mutualism pono ʻole: ma waena o nā meaola mutualist aia kahi pae kahi e hiki ai i kahi heluna ke koi obligatory mutualist kahi, me ka ʻole o kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō i kāna hana nui, a me nā facistative mutualist, hiki ke ola me ka launa ʻole ʻana me kekahi mea ʻelua.
- Trophic Mutualism: I kēia ʻano mutualism, loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea i pili a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā meaola a me nā ion e pono ai lākou e ola. ʻO ka maʻamau, i kēia ʻano mutualism, nā meaola e pili ana, ma kekahi lima, he holoholona heterotrophic a, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, he meaola autotrophic. ʻAʻole pono mākou e huikau i ka mutualism a me ka commensalism. I ka commensalism, loaʻa i kekahi o nā meaola nā pōmaikaʻi a loaʻa ʻole i kekahi i kekahi mea mai ka pilina.
- pale ʻōlelo kūpaʻa: ke kū nei ka mutualism pale i ka wā e loaʻa ai i kekahi o nā poʻe e pili ana kekahi mau uku (ʻai a puʻuhonua paha) ma o ka pale ʻana i kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe i ʻāpana o ka mutualism.
- dispersive mutualism: ʻo kēia mutualism ka mea i kū ma waena o nā holoholona a me nā ʻano mea kanu, i mea e loaʻa ai nā ʻano holoholona i ka meaʻai a, ka mea kanu, ka hoʻolahalaha o kona pollen, nā hua a me nā hua.
Nā laʻana o ka Mutualism
Ma loko o nā pilina ʻelua ʻokoʻa a laila aia paha kekahi mau ʻano mea obligist mutualist a me facultative mutualist species. Hiki paha i kēlā me kēia pae ke koi aku i ka mutualism obligatory a, i ka wā o kahi pae ʻē aʻe, he koho ia. ʻO nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe (trophic, pale a hoʻopuehu paha) hiki ke koi ʻia a koho ʻia paha, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka pilina. E nānā i kekahi mau laʻana o ka mutualism.
ʻO ka Mutualism ma waena o nā nahena ʻoki lau a me nā fungi
ʻAʻole hānai pololei nā ʻoki ʻoki lau i nā mea kanu a lākou i ʻohi ai, akā, hana māla i kā lākou mau anthills kahi lākou e kau ai i nā lau ʻoki a ma luna o lākou e kau ai lākou i ka mycelium o kahi fungus, e hānai ai i ka lau. Ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka fungus, hānai nā nahele i ko lākou kino hua. He laʻana kēia pilina trophic mutualism.
Mutualism ma waena o rumen a me nā microorganism ruminant
ʻO kekahi laʻana hou aʻe o ka trismic mutualism ʻo ia o nā herbivores ruminant. ʻAi nui kēia mau holoholona i ka mauʻu. Nui loa kēia ʻano meaʻai waiwai i ka cellulose, kahi ʻano polysaccharide hiki ʻole ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa e nā ruminants me ka hana ʻole o kekahi mau mea. Noho nā microorganism i ka rumen hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā paia cellulose mai nā mea kanu, ke kiʻi ʻana i nā mea momona a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā meaola ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka mammal ruminant. ʻO kēia ʻano pilina a mutualism pono, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ruminants a me nā koʻohune rumen ke noho me ka ʻole o kekahi.
ʻO Mutualism ma waena o nā kauapo a me ka actinobacteria
ʻO nā anay, e hoʻonui ai i ka pae pale o ka puʻu termite, kūkulu i ko lākou mau pūnana me kā lākou iho feces. ʻO kēia mau pūʻulu, i ka wā e paʻa ana, he helehelena mānoanoa e ʻae i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka actinobacteria. Hana kēia mau bacteria pale i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā fungi. No laila, loaʻa ka pale ʻana i nā ʻōpala a loaʻa ka bacteria i ka meaʻai, e laʻana ana i kahi hihia o pale ʻōlelo kūpaʻa.
Mutualism ma waena o nā ants a me nā aphids
ʻAi kekahi mau ants i ka wai momona i kipaku ʻia e ka aphids. ʻOiai e hānai nā aphids i ke kohu o nā mea kanu, inu nā ants i ka wai kō. Inā hoʻāʻo kekahi mea ʻino e hoʻopilikia i nā aphids, ʻaʻole e hoʻokaʻulua nā ants i ka pale ʻana i nā aphids, kumu o kāu meaʻai nui. ʻO ia kahi hihia o ka mutualism pale.
Mutualism ma waena o nā holoholona frugivorous a me nā mea kanu
ʻO ka pilina ma waena o nā holoholona frugivorous a me nā mea kanu hānai ikaika loa, e like me nā noiʻi ʻana, inā pau kekahi o kēia mau holoholona a hōʻemi paha i ka helu, e emi nā hua o nā mea kanu i ka nui.
Koho nā holoholona frugivorous i ka ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hua momona a me ka maka, no laila, aia he koho o nā hua maikaʻi loa e kēia mau holoholona. Ma muli o ka nele o nā holoholona, ʻaʻole hoʻomohala nā mea kanu i nā hua nui a i ʻole, inā lākou e hana, ʻaʻohe holoholona e hoihoi i ia mea, no laila ʻaʻohe kaomi maikaʻi no kēia hua e lilo i lāʻau i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Eia hou, kekahi mau mea kanu, e hoʻomohala i nā hua nui, koi i kahi ʻoki ʻana o kēia mau hua. ʻ dispersive mutualism pono maoli ia ʻaʻole wale no kēlā mau laha e pili ana, akā no ka kaiaolaola hoʻi.
Inā makemake ʻoe e heluhelu hou aku i nā ʻatikala e like me Mutualism in Biology - Nā manaʻo a me nā laʻana, Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e komo i kā mākou Curiosities ʻāpana o ka honua holoholona.