Anter
- heaha ka nahesa makapo
- Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka nahesa makapō
- Pāhue nahesa makapō
- He onaona ka nahesa makapō?
- nahesa ʻawahia
- nahesa nehu ole
ʻO ka nahesa makapō a cecilia paha kahi holoholona e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoihoi āpau a aʻo ʻia e nā ʻepekema. Aia nā ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole, ka wai a me ka ʻāina, a hiki i kahi mika ka lōʻihi. Ekahi loiloi hou i paʻi ʻia e nā Brazilian i Iulai Iulai 2020 kuhikuhi i nā nūhou e pili ana iā ia.
A ʻo ia kā mākou e haʻi aku ai iā ʻoe ma aneʻi ma PeritoAnimal i kēia ʻatikala nahesa nahesa makapo? E ʻike inā he ʻona ka nahesa makapō, kona mau ʻano, kahi e ola ai a pehea e hānau ai. Eia hou, ua hoʻohana mākou i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻolauna i kekahi nahesa ʻawaʻawa a me nā mea ʻona ʻona ʻole ʻē aʻe. Heluhelu maikaʻi!
heaha ka nahesa makapo
Ua ʻike anei ʻoe ʻo ka nahesa makapō (nā ʻano o ke kauoha Gymnophiona), kūlike ʻole i ka mea a ka inoa e ʻōlelo nei, ʻaʻole he nahesa? Pēlā nō. Kaulana pū ʻia me ʻO cecilia nō ia nā amphibians, ʻaʻole nā mea kolo, ʻoiai ke nānā aku lākou e like me nā nahesa ma mua o nā rana a me nā salamanders. No laila no lākou lākou i ka papa Amphibia, i mahele ʻia i ʻekolu mau kauoha:
- Anurans: toads, rana a me nā rana lāʻau
- huelo: nā newts a me nā salamanders
- nā haʻuki kino: cecillia (a i ʻole nā nahesa makapō). ʻO ke kumu o kēia kauoha mai ka Greek: gymnos (nu) + ophioneos (like me ka nahesa).
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka nahesa makapō
Kapa ʻia nā moʻo nahesa makapō no ke ʻano i loaʻa iā lākou: ke kino loloa a elongated, me ka hoʻohui ʻole i ka wāwae ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe o lākou wāwae.
Kūpilikiʻi loa ko lākou mau maka, ʻo ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai lākou pēlā. ʻO ke kumu o kēia no ka mea o kāna ʻano maʻamau maʻamau: ka ola nā nahesa makapō i lalo o ka honua ke kū nei i loko o ka lepo (kapa ʻia lākou he holoholona fossorial) kahi liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻohe paha kukui. I loko o kēia mau wahi maʻamau e hoʻomāhuahua, hānai lākou i nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi e like me nā termite, nā ants a me nā ʻūhū.
Hiki i nā Cecilias ke hoʻokaʻawale, ma ka maikaʻi, ma waena o ka mālamalama a me ka pouli. A i mea e kōkua ai iā lākou e ʻike i ke kaiapuni a e huli i nā mea pio, nā mea ʻānai a me nā hoa hānau, he ʻelua mau hanana sensory liʻiliʻi i ke ʻano o hale kākela i ke poʻo.[1]
Pulu kona ʻili a uhi ʻia me nā unahi dermal, he mau pā pālahalaha liʻiliʻi kēia i loko o nā pā transverse ma ke kino, e hana ana i nā apo e kōkua ai i ka locomotion i lalo.
ʻAʻole like me nā nahesa, kahi e huikau ai nā nahesa makapō, kēia mau mea ʻaʻohe ou alelo piʻo a pōkole paha kona huelo a i ʻole ʻaʻole ola. I kekahi mau ʻano, mālama nā wahine i kā lākou ʻōpio a hiki i ke kūʻokoʻa ʻana.
Aia ma kahi o 55 mau ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka nahesa makapō, ʻo ka nui loa a hiki i 90 cm ka lōʻihi, akā ma kahi o 2 cm ke anawaena, a noho lākou i nā wahi pāhona.
Pāhue nahesa makapō
KA ʻO loko ka hoʻoulu ʻana ʻo cecilia a ma hope o ka hoʻomoe ʻana o nā makuahine i nā hua a mālama iā lākou i loko o nā pelu o ko lākou mau kino a hiki i ka pā ʻana. ʻO kekahi ʻano, ke hānau, hānai i ka ʻili o ka makuahine. Eia hou, aia kekahi ʻano viviparous (nā holoholona i ulu i ka embryonic i loko o ka kino makuahine).
He onaona ka nahesa makapō?
A hiki i kēia mau lā, ua manaʻo ʻia nā moʻo nahesa makapō ʻaʻole pōʻino loa. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, kēia mau holoholona mai hōʻeha i nā kānaka a ʻaʻohe moʻolelo o ka poʻe i ʻawahia e lākou. No laila, ʻaʻole weliweli ka nahesa makapō a noʻonoʻo ʻole ʻia e like me kēlā.
ʻO ka mea i ʻike mua ʻia e hūnā lākou i kahi mea ma o ka ʻili e hoʻonui ai iā lākou i ka viscous a loaʻa pū kekahi iā lākou nui ka hoʻoulu ʻana o nā gona ʻona ma ka ʻili o ka huelo, ma ke ʻano he pale pale pale ʻole mai nā mea ʻino. ʻO ia ke ʻano pale like o nā rana, nā toads, nā rana lāʻau a me nā salamanders, kahi e pau ai ka mea ʻino i ka lāʻau make iā ia ke nahu i ka holoholona.
Eia nō naʻe, e like me kahi ʻatikala i paʻi ʻia ma ka nūhou Iulai 2020 o ka makasina kūikawā ʻo iS Science[2] e nā kānaka noiʻi mai ka Butantan Institute, ma São Paulo, a ʻo ia ka mea i kākoʻo ʻia e ka Foundation for Research Support of the State of São Paulo (Fapesp), e hōʻike nei he hiki nō i nā holoholona ke ʻona, ʻo ia kekahi hiʻona kū hoʻokahi i waena o nā amphibians.
Kuhi ka noiʻi ʻaʻole wale nā cecilia ʻalalā ʻawahia ʻO Cutaneous, e like me nā amphibians ʻē aʻe, he mau glands kikoʻī ko lākou ma ke kumu o ko lākou mau niho e hana i nā enzyme i ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā venom.
ʻO ka loaʻa o nā ʻepekema ma ka Butantan Institute ʻo ia nā nahesa makapō nā amphibians mua i loaʻa pale hana, ʻo ia hoʻi, hana ʻia ke hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau make e hoʻouka, maʻamau i waena o nā moʻo, nā nananana a me nā moʻo huelo ʻawa. ʻO kēia mea huna e puka mai i waho o nā momona e lawelawe i ka lubricate i ka mea pio a kōkua i kā lākou ale ʻana. ʻO ke kāpili ʻana i ia mau gland i ka wā nahu e hoʻokuʻu ai i ka liko, i komo i loko o ka ʻeha kumu, like me ka deragona komodo, no ka laʻana.[3]
ʻAʻole i hōʻoia ʻia ʻepekema i kēia goo e puka mai ana mai loko mai o nā glands he mea ʻawahia, akā hōʻike nā mea āpau e hōʻoia koke ʻia kēia.
I ke kiʻi ma lalo, e nānā i ka waha o kahi cecilia o ka laha Siphonops annulatus. Hiki ke nānā i ka ʻōpū niho like me ko ka nahesa.
nahesa ʻawahia
A inā ʻaʻohe hopena paʻa e pili ana i ka makaʻu a nā nahesa makapō e hiki ai, ʻo ka mea a mākou e ʻike nei he nui nā nahesa - i kēia manawa nā nahesa maoli - ʻona ʻona loa.
Mawaena o na hiohiona nui o nahesa ʻawahia ʻo ia nā haumāna elliptical a me kahi poʻo triangular ʻoi aku. ʻO kekahi o lākou i maʻa mau i ke ao a ʻo kekahi poʻe i ka pō. A ʻo nā hopena o kā lākou mea ʻawahia hiki ke loli ʻia e nā laha, e like me nā ʻōuli i loko o mākou nā kānaka inā hoʻouka kaua ʻia mākou. No laila ka mea nui o ka ʻike ʻana i ka laha o ka nahesa i ka hihia o kahi ulia, i hiki ai i nā kauka ke hana wikiwiki me ka lāʻau lapaʻau pono a hāʻawi i ke kōkua mua inā loaʻa kahi nahu nahesa.
Eia kekahi o nā moʻo nahesa i loko o Brazil.
- hui hīmeni maoli
- Rattlesnake
- Jararaca
- ʻO Jaca pico de jackass
A inā makemake ʻoe e launa me nā holoholona ʻona loa o ka honua, e nānā i ke wikiō:
nahesa nehu ole
Nui nā moʻo i manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole pono ʻole a no laila ʻaʻohe ou lāʻau make. ʻO kekahi o lākou e hana i ka lāʻau make, akā nele i nā ʻiʻo kikoʻī e hoʻokomo i ka lāʻau make i loko o kā lākou poʻe i loaʻa. ʻO ka maʻa mau kēia mau nahesa non-venomous i poepoe i nā poʻo a me nā haumāna.
Aia i waena o nā nahesa non-ʻona nā:
- Boa (constrictor maikaʻi)
- Anaconda (Eunectes murinus)
- Kanine (ʻO Pullatus Spilotes)
- Hīmeni hoʻopunipuni (Pāʻālua Siphlophis)
- Python (Python)
I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i ka nahesa makapō ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a he amphibian maoli nō ia a ʻike pū ʻoe e pili ana i kekahi nahesa ʻino a ʻino ʻole ʻē aʻe, hoihoi paha ʻoe i kēia ʻatikala ʻē aʻe me 15 mau holoholona onaona nui loa ma ka honua.
Inā makemake ʻoe e heluhelu hou aku i nā ʻatikala e like me He onaona ka nahesa makapō?, Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e komo i kā mākou Curiosities ʻāpana o ka honua holoholona.