Hoʻokaʻina o nā holoholona invertebrate

Anter

• Ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka huaʻōlelo invertebrate
• Pehea ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā holoholona invertebrate
• Hoʻohui ʻia o nā Arthropods
• chelicerates
• ʻO Crustaceans
• Unirámeos
• Hoʻokaʻina o nā Molluscs
• Hoʻokaʻina o nā annelids
• Hoʻonohonoho Platyhelminths
• Hoʻokaʻina o Nematodes
• Hoʻokaʻina o Echinod germ
• Pelmatozos
• ʻO Eleuterozoans
• Hoʻokaʻina o Cnidarians
• Hoʻokaʻina o Porifers
• Nā holoholona invertebrate ʻē aʻe

ʻO nā holoholona Invertebrate nā mea, ma ke ʻano he hiʻohiʻona maʻamau, kaʻana like i ka ʻole o kahi kolamu iwi a me kahi iwi iwi i haʻi ʻia i loko. I kēia hui he nui nā holoholona o ka honua, ʻo 95% o nā laha e kū nei. ʻOiai ʻo ia ka hui ʻokoʻa loa ma waena o kēia aupuni, ua lilo ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i mea paʻakikī loa, no laila ʻaʻohe ʻano wehewehe.

I kēia ʻatikala na PeritoAnimal, kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana hoʻolaʻa ʻana o nā holoholona invertebrate ʻo ia, e like me kāu e ʻike ai, he hui nui i loko o nā ao kupaianaha o nā mea ola.

Ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka huaʻōlelo invertebrate

ʻAʻole kūlike ka huaʻōlelo invertebrate i kahi mahele kūlana i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho ʻepekema, ʻoiai he a huaʻōlelo generic e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau (kolamu vertebral), akā ʻaʻole i ke alo o kahi hiʻohiʻona i kaʻana like ʻia e kēlā me kēia mea i ka hui, e like me nā hihia vertebrates.

ʻAʻole ia he manaʻo ʻaʻole kūpono ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo invertebrate, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, hoʻohana mau ʻia ia e kuhikuhi i kēia mau holoholona, ​​ʻo ia wale nō ka mea i noi ʻia e hōʻike i manaʻo hou aʻe.

Pehea ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā holoholona invertebrate

E like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā invertebrates ʻaʻohe hopena paʻa, eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi manaʻo kuʻikahi e nā pūʻulu invertebrate nui hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o kēia mau lāʻau.

• nā ʻalopaka
• molluscs
• annelids
• pāhoehoe
• nematodes
• echinod germ
• Cnidarians
• mau mea lawe hānai

Ma waho o ka ʻike ʻana i nā pūʻulu invertebrate, hoihoi paha ʻoe i ka ʻike ʻana i nā laʻana o nā holoholona invertebrate a me vertebrate.

Hoʻohui ʻia o nā Arthropods

ʻO lākou nā holoholona me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻomohala maikaʻi, ʻike ʻia e ke alo o kahi exoskeleton chitinous. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻohui ʻia hoʻi i nā appendice no nā hana like ʻole e like me ka hui o nā invertebrates.

ka phylum arthropod kūlike i ka hui nui loa i ke aupuni holoholona a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻehā subphyla: trilobites (pau āpau), chelicerates, crustaceans a me nā unirámeos. E ʻike pehea e māhele ʻia ai ka subphyla e kū nei a me kekahi mau laʻana o nā holoholona invertebrate:

chelicerates

I kēia mau mea, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā pālua ʻelua e hana i ka chelicerae. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa nā pedipalps, ma ka liʻiliʻi ʻehā mau wāwae o ka wāwae, a ʻaʻohe o lākou antennas. Hana ʻia lākou i nā papa aʻe:

• ʻO Merostomates: ʻaʻohe o lākou pedipalps, akā ke kū ʻana o ʻelima mau wāwae o nā wāwae, e like me ka pā lio.limulus polyphemus).
• ʻO Pychnogonids: nā holoholona kai me ʻelima mau wāwae o ka wāwae i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he nananana kai.
• Arachnids: loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻāpana a i ʻole tagmas, chelicerae, pedipalps ʻaʻole hoʻomohala maikaʻi a ʻehā mau wāwae o nā wāwae. ʻO kekahi mau laʻana o nā holoholona vertebrate i kēia papa he spider, scorpions, ticks and mites.

ʻO Crustaceans

ʻO ka wai maʻamau a me ke alo o nā gills, antennae a me nā mandibles. Ua wehewehe ʻia lākou e ʻelima mau papa lunamakaʻāinana, i waena o ia mau mea:

• Nā Lapaʻau: makapō a noho i loko o nā ana hohonu, e like me nā ʻano ʻO Speleonectes tanumekes.
• ʻO Cephalocarids: he kai lākou, liʻiliʻi i ka nui a me ka anatomy maʻalahi.
• Nā lālā lālā: Liʻiliʻi a waena i ka nui, e noho nui nei i ka wai hou, ʻoiai lākou e noho nei i ka wai paʻakai. Loaʻa iā lākou nā pākuʻi hope. Ma ka ʻaoʻao, ua wehewehe ʻia lākou e nā kauoha ʻehā: Anostraceans (kahi e hiki ai iā mākou ke ʻike i ka ʻōpala goblin e like me ka ʻO Streptocephalus mackini), notostraceans (kapa ʻia ʻo tadpole shrimp e like me ka Franciscan Artemia), cladocerans (ʻo ia nā ʻauwa wai) a me nā concostraceans (mussel shrimp e like me ka ʻO Lynceus brachyurus).
• ʻO Maxillopods: ʻO ka maʻamau ka liʻiliʻi a me ka ʻōpū i hoʻemi ʻia a me nā pākuʻi. Māhele ʻia lākou i nā ostracods, mistacocarids, copepods, tantulocarids a me cirripedes.
• ʻO Malacostraceans: ʻike ʻia nā crustacea i ʻike nui ʻia e nā kānaka, he exoskeleton i haʻi ʻia e maʻalahi ka maʻalahi a ua wehewehe ʻia lākou e nā kauoha ʻehā, a ʻo ia nā isopod (Ex. ʻO Armadillium granulatum), amphipods (Ex. pilikua Alicella), nā eufausiaceans, i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he krill (Ex. Meganyctiphanes norvegica) a me nā decapods, me nā pāpaʻi, ʻōpae a me nā ula.

Unirámeos

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou i ka loaʻa hoʻokahi wale o axis i nā āpau āpau (me ka ʻole o ka lālā) a me nā antennae, mandibles a me nā ā. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia subphylum i ʻelima mau papa.

• diplopods: ʻano e ka nui o nā paʻa o nā wāwae i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana e hana i ke kino. I kēia hui o nā invertebrates ʻike mākou i ka millipedes, ma ke ʻano he lāhui Gracilis ʻo oxidus.
• ʻO Chilopods: he iwakāluakūmākahi ko lākou mau ʻāpana, kahi he mau wāwae ʻelua i kēlā me kēia. Kāhea ʻia nā holoholona i kēia pūʻulu he centipedes (Lithobius forficatus, me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe).
• pauropods: Ka liʻiliʻi, ke kino palupalu a me ʻumikūmākahi mau paʻa o nā wāwae.
• symphiles: keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, liʻiliʻi a palupalu.
• papa kolo: he pālua o nā antennas, ʻekolu pālua o nā wāwae a me nā ʻeheu maʻamau. He papa nui ia o nā holoholona e hui pū kokoke i kanakolu mau ʻoka ʻokoʻa.

Hoʻokaʻina o nā Molluscs

Kuhi ʻia kēia phylum e ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana digestive piha, me ke alo o kahi lālā i kapa ʻia ʻo radula, aia i loko o ka waha a he hana scraping kāna. He hale kā lākou i kapa ʻia he wāwae e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka locomotion a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa kona ʻōnaehana puni i nā holoholona āpau, hoʻololi ke kinoea ma o nā gills, nā mumū a i ʻole ka ʻili o ke kino, a ʻokoʻa ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana e ka hui. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i ʻewalu mau papa, a mākou e ʻike ai i nā hiʻohiʻona hou aku o kēia mau holoholona invertebrate:

• ʻO Caudofoveados: holoholona kai ʻeli i ka lepo palupalu. ʻAʻohe o lākou pū, akā he spikes calcareous lākou, e like me ka nā ʻāpana crossotus.
• Solenogastros: like me ka papa ma mua, he kai lākou, he ʻeli a me nā hale limestone, akā ʻaʻohe o lākou radula a me nā gills (e laʻa me. Neomenia carinata).
• Monoplacophores: liʻiliʻi lākou, me ka pūpū poepoe a me ka hiki ke kolo, mahalo i ka wāwae (ex. Neopilin rebainsi).
• ʻO Polyplacophores: me nā kino elongated, pālahalaha a me ke alo o kahi pūpū. Hoʻomaopopo lākou i nā quitons, e like me ka laha ʻO Acanthochiton garnoti.
• Scaphopods: hoʻopuni ʻia kona kino i loko o ka iwi tubular me ka wehe ma nā wēlau ʻelua. Kapa ʻia lākou he dentali a i ʻole tusph elephant. ʻO kahi laʻana ka laha ʻO Antalis vulgaris.
• gastropods: me nā kinona like asymmetrical a me ke alo o ka pūpū, i loaʻa i nā hopena torsion, akā aia paha ma kahi o kekahi ʻano. Aia nā papa i nā nīnū a me nā slug, e like me ke ʻano snail Cepaea nemoralis.
• bivalves: aia ke kino i loko o ka pūpū me nā kiwikā ʻelua i hiki ke loaʻa nā nui like ʻole. ʻO kahi laʻana ka laha venus verus.
• ʻO Cephalopods: heʻuʻuku a hemo paha kona pū, me ke poʻo i wehewehe ʻia a me nā maka a me ke alo o nā tentacles a i ʻole nā ​​lima. I kēia papa ʻike mākou i nā heʻe a me nā heʻe.

Hoʻokaʻina o nā annelids

Aia nūmū metameric, ʻo ia hoʻi, me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke kino, me kahi cuticle mawaho kūmū, ʻōnaehana puni paʻa a me ka ʻōnaehana digestive piha, hana ʻia ke kūkaʻa kinoea ma o nā gills a i ʻole ma o ka ʻili a hiki ke lilo i mau hermaphrodites a i ʻole me nā kāne ʻokoʻa.

Ua wehewehe ʻia ka papa kiʻekiʻe o nā annelids e ʻekolu mau papa i hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā me nā hiʻohiʻona hou aku o nā holoholona invertebrate:

• ʻO Polychaetes: Ke kai nui, me ke poʻo ʻokoʻa maikaʻi, ke alo o nā maka a me nā ʻūlū. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana i nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao. Hiki iā mākou ke haʻi ma ke ʻano he laʻana i ka laha nereis succinic a me Laina Phyllodoce.
• nā ʻolivaʻa: ʻike ʻia e ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻāpana loli a me ke poʻo ʻole i wehewehe ʻia. Loaʻa iā mākou, no ka laʻana, ka ʻenekini (lumbricus terrestris).
• ʻO Hirudine: ma ke ʻano he laʻana o ka hirudine ʻike mākou i nā leech (ex. Hirudo medicinalis), me ka helu paʻa o nā ʻāpana, ke kū ʻana o nā apo he nui a me nā kīʻaha omo.

Hoʻonohonoho Platyhelminths

ʻO nā flatworms holoholona pālahalaha dorsoventrally, me ka waha a me ka wahine a me ka ʻōnaehana primitive a maʻalahi paha. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā holoholona mai kēia pūʻulu o nā invertebrates ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻōnaehana hanu a me ke kahe.

Ua mahele ʻia lākou i ʻehā mau papa:

• puahiohio: he mau holoholona ola manuahi lākou, ana iā 50cm, me kahi epidermis i uhi ʻia e nā maka maka a me ka hiki ke kolo. ʻIʻike ʻia lākou he mau planarians (eg. Temnocephala digitata).
• Monogene: ʻO kēia mau ʻano ʻano parasite iʻa a me kekahi o nā rana a manu kuhukukū paha. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pōʻaiapuni olaola pololei, me hoʻokahi mea hoʻokipa (e laʻa me. Haliotrema sp.).
• Trematodes: He lau ko ko lākou kino, e ʻike ʻia e nā parasite. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hapa nui o endoparasites vertebrate (Ej. Fasciola hepatica).
• Nā ʻeke ʻeke: me nā ʻano i ʻokoʻa mai nā papa ma mua, he kino lōʻihi a pālahalaha ko lākou, me ka ʻole o ka cilia ma ke ʻano makua a me ka ʻole o ka digestive tract. Eia naʻe, ua uhi ʻia me microvilli i mānoanoa i ka helu paʻa a i ʻole ka uhi o waho o ka holoholona (e laʻa me. Taenia solium).

Hoʻokaʻina o Nematodes

nā parasites liʻiliʻi Noho ia i ke kai, kai a me nā kaiaolaolaola, ma nā polar a me nā wahi wela, a hiki ke parasitize i nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu. Ua ʻike ʻia he mau kaukani o nā nematodes a he ʻano cylindrical ko lākou, me kahi cuticle maʻalahi a me ka ʻole o cilia a me flagella.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana aʻe ma luna o nā ʻano morphological o ka hui a kūlike i nā papa ʻelua.

• Adenophorea: He poepoe, ʻoniʻoni, a pore hoʻi kou mau ʻōnaehana sensory. Ma loko o kēia papa hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa ke ʻano parasite ʻO Trichuris Trichiura.
• ʻO Secernte: me nā ʻōnaehana ʻaoʻao dorsal a me ka cuticle i hana ʻia e nā papa. I kēia hui ʻike mākou i ka laha parasitic lumbricoid ascaris.

Hoʻokaʻina o Echinod germ

ʻO lākou nā holoholona kai ʻaʻohe o lākou māhele. Poepoe kona kino, paukūʻolokaʻa a hōkū hoʻi i ke ʻano, poʻo ʻole a me kahi ʻōnaehana sensory like ʻole. Loaʻa iā lākou nā spike calcareous, me ka locomotion ma o nā ala like ʻole.

Māhele ʻia kēia hui invertebrates (phylum) i ʻelua subphyla: Pelmatozoa (cup or goblet-shaped) and eleuterozoans (stellate, discoidal, globular or cucumber-shaped body).

Pelmatozos

Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia hui e ka papa crinoid kahi a mākou e ʻike ai i ka poʻe i ʻike nui ʻia nā līlia kai, a i waena o kahi e hiki ai i kekahi ke haʻi i kēia ʻano Anetona Kaiwaenahonua, davidaster rubiginosus a Himerometra robustipinna, me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

ʻO Eleuterozoans

I kēia lua subphylum ʻelima mau papa:

• concentricicloids: ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano kai daisy (eg. Xyloplax janetae).
• asteroids: a i ʻole nā ​​hōkū kai (ex. ʻO Pisaster ochraceus).
• Nā Ophiuroides: ʻo ia me nā moʻo moana (ex. Ophiocrossota multispina).
• Equinoids: ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he urchins kai (e laʻa me SʻO trongylocentrotus franciscanus lāua ʻo Strongylocentrotus purpuratus).
• holoturoids: i kapa ʻia hoʻi nā kukama kai (eg. holothuria cinerascens a ʻO Stichopus chloronotus).

Hoʻokaʻina o Cnidarians

Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e ke kai nui me kahi mau ʻano wai wai. ʻElua ʻano o nā ʻano i kēia mau kanaka: polyps a me nā jellyfish. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi chitinous, limestone a protein protein exoskeleton a endoskeleton paha, me ka moekolohe a i ʻole asexual reproduction a ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻōnaehana hanu a me ka excretory ʻōnaehana. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka hui ke alo o ʻūpili ʻōpala a lākou e hoʻohana ai e pale a hoʻouka paha i ka mea pio.

Ua mahele ʻia ka phylum i ʻehā mau papa:

• ʻO Hydrozoa: Loaʻa iā lākou kahi ola ola asexual i ka pae polyp a me kahi moekolohe i ka pae jellyfish, akā naʻe, ʻaʻohe o kekahi ʻano i kekahi o nā ʻāpana. Hoʻokumu ʻo Polyps i nā kolone paʻa a hiki i ka jellyfish ke neʻe manuahi (e laʻa.Hydra vulgaris).
• scifozoa: pili kēia papa i nā jellyfish nui, me nā kino o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā mānoanoa ʻokoʻa, i uhi ʻia e kahi papa gelatinous. Haahaa loa kāu pae polyp (e laʻa. ʻO Chrysaora quinquecirrha).
• Cubozoa: me kahi ʻano nui o nā jellyfish, hiki i kekahi i nā nui nui. He ʻauʻauʻau maikaʻi loa lākou a he poʻe ʻimi holoholona a hiki i kekahi ʻano lethal ke make i nā kānaka, ʻoiai he ʻawahia mālie kekahi. (e like me Carybdea marsupialis).
• antozooa: he polyps ʻano pua lākou, me ka ʻole o ka pae jellyfish. He kai āpau lākou āpau, a hiki ke ola superficially a hohonu a i loko o nā wai polar a i ʻole tropical tropical. Māhele ʻia lākou i ʻekolu mau subclass, ʻo ia nā zoantarios (anemones), ceriantipatarias a me nā alcionarios.

Hoʻokaʻina o Porifers

No kēia hui ka huahuakai, nona ke ʻano nui o ko lākou kino i ka nui o nā pores a me kahi ʻōnaehana o nā kahawai kūloko e kānana i ka meaʻai. He sessile lākou a pili nui i ka wai e kahe ana iā lākou no ka meaʻai a me ka oxygen. ʻAʻohe o lākou ʻaʻa maoli a no laila ʻaʻohe ʻokana. ʻO lākou wale nō ka wai, ʻo ka hapa nui kai, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau ʻano e noho i nā wai hou. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia e ka calcium carbonate a i ʻole ka silica a me ka collagen.

Māhele ʻia lākou i nā papa aʻe:

• ʻalihi: ka poʻe o ko lākou mau koʻi a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana i hana i ka iwi iwi o ke ʻano calcareous, ʻo ia hoʻi, calcium carbonate (ex. ʻO Sycon raphanus).
• Nā Hexactinylides: i kapa ʻia hoʻi he vitreous, i loaʻa kahi ʻano kūwaho i kahi iwi iwi paʻa i hana ʻia e nā kui ʻeono silica ʻeono (ex. ʻO Euplectella aspergillus).
• demosponges: papa ma kahi o 100% o ka sponge species a me nā mea nui aʻe aia, me nā waihoʻoluʻu kupaianaha loa. ʻO nā spicules i hana ʻia he silica ia, akā ʻaʻole naʻe o ʻeono mau kukuna (ex. Hōʻike Xestospongia).

Nā holoholona invertebrate ʻē aʻe

E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai, nui loa nā pūʻulu invertebrate a aia kekahi mau phyla ʻē aʻe i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o ka hoʻohālikelike holoholona invertebrate. ʻO kekahi o lākou:

• Placozoa
• ʻO Ctenophores
• ʻO Chaetognath
• Nā Nemertinos
• ʻO Gnatostomulid
• Rotifers
• ʻO Gastrotrics
• Kinorhincos
• Nā Loricifers
• Nā Priapulides
• nematomorphs
• nā hopena
• ʻonikaʻopika
• kalaiwa
• ʻōkuhi
• ʻO Brachiopods

E like me kā mākou e ʻike ai, ʻokoʻa ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā holoholona, ​​a i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, e hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana o ka nui o nā laha i hōʻike ʻia iā mākou i ka nani o ka honua holoholona.

A i kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā holoholona vertebrate, kā lākou mau pūʻulu a me nā laʻana he lehulehu o nā holoholona invertebrate, makemake paha ʻoe i kēia wikiō e pili ana i nā holoholona kai laha loa o ka honua.

Inā makemake ʻoe e heluhelu hou aku i nā ʻatikala e like me Hoʻokaʻina o nā holoholona invertebrate, Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e komo i kā mākou Curiosities ʻāpana o ka honua holoholona.