Anter
- Nā ʻano nui o ka iʻa
- Nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe
- Pehea e ʻau ai ka iʻa?
- Pehea e lana ai ka iʻa?
- Pehea ka hanu o ka iʻa?
- Osmosis i ka iʻa
- Hana Trophic o ka iʻa
- Hoʻohua a me ka ulu ʻana o ka iʻa
- Nā ʻano laulā o ka iʻa e like me kā lākou hui
- iʻa agnate
- iʻa gnathotomized
ʻO ka maʻamau, kapa ʻia nā vertebrates wai āpau iʻa, ʻoiai hewa kēia kuhi ʻana ma muli o nā vertebrates wai ʻē aʻe, e like me nā koholā, he mau māmala. Akā ʻo ka mea pīhoihoi ka iʻa a me nā vertebrates terestrial e kaʻana like i ko lākou kūpuna. He iʻa kahi iʻa, ʻoiai he kumu mua loa ia, ua kūleʻa i ka holomua nui o ka ulu ʻana, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka wai i ʻae iā lākou e ola i kahi nui o nā wahi noho. Hāʻawi iā lākou i ka hiki ke kolone mai nā wahi wai paʻakai a i nā wahi wai wai i nā kahawai a me nā loko, ma o nā ʻano i hiki ke noho i nā wahi ʻelua a me ka lanakila ʻana i nā kahawai (e like me ka salmon, no ka laʻana).
Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻomau i ke aʻo ʻana e pili ana i ka nā ʻano laulā o ka iʻa, kahi hui like ʻole e noho ana i ka wai o ka honua, e hoʻomau i ka heluhelu ʻana i kēia ʻatikala na PeritoAnimal a e haʻi mākou iā ʻoe iā lākou āpau.
Nā ʻano nui o ka iʻa
ʻOiai kahi hui me nā ʻano loli, hiki iā mākou ke wehewehe i nā iʻa e ke ʻano aʻe:
- wai vertebrates: e like me ka ʻauhau vertebrate ʻokoʻa loa i kēia manawa. ʻO kā lākou hoʻololi ʻana i ke ola wai e ʻae iā lākou e kolone i nā ʻano wai wai āpau. Ua hoʻi mai ke kumu o Silurian, ma mua o 400 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
- iwi iwi iwi: he iwi iwi ko lākou me nā wahi cartilaginous liʻiliʻi loa, ʻo kēia ko lākou ʻokoʻa nui loa me ka iʻa chondric.
- Nā Ectotherms: ʻo ia, pili lākou i ka mahana o ka mahana e hoʻoponopono i ko lākou kino wela, ʻokoʻa ka endothermics.
- hā hanu: loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻōnaehana hanu kahi nā gills nui i nā gills a uhi ʻia e kahi hanana i kapa ʻia ʻo ka operculum, kahi e lawelawe ai i ka palena o ke poʻo a me ke koena o ke kino. Hanu kekahi mau laha ma o nā māmā i loaʻa mai i ka wai ʻauʻau, a lana pū kekahi e lana ai.
- waha waha: he waha waha ko lākou (ʻaʻole ventral, e like me ke ʻano o nā cartilaginous) a ua haku ʻia ko lākou iwi poʻo i mau iwi dermal i haʻi ʻia. Kākoʻo kēia mau iwi i nā niho. ʻaʻohe mea pani i ka wā e haki a hāʻule paha lākou.
- Pinsal a me nā pelvic fin. Loaʻa iā lākou hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua mau lua dorsal a me kahi fin fin ventral.
- Kāleka home cofal: ie ua like na lobe luna a me lalo. Loaʻa i kekahi ʻano lūlū kahi huelo huelo dific, i mahele ʻia i ʻekolu mau lobes, i loaʻa i nā coelacanths (iʻa sarcopterygeal) a i nā iʻa māmā, kahi e hoʻonui ai ka vertebrae i ka hopena o ka huelo. Hoʻokumu ia i nā mea nui no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka pahu e neʻe ai ka hapa nui o nā iʻa.
- Pauna Dermal: he ʻili ko lākou e uhi pinepine ʻia e nā unahi dermal, me ke alo o ka dentin, ka enamel a me nā iwi iwi, e ʻokoʻa e like me ko lākou ʻano a me nā unahi cosmoid, ganoid a me elasmoid, a mahele ʻia i cycloids a me ctenoids, a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ko lākou mau ʻaoʻao mālie a ʻokiʻoki ʻia e like me ka selu.
Nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe
Ma loko o nā ʻano o ka iʻa, pono nō hoʻi e ʻōlelo i kēia mau mea:
Pehea e ʻau ai ka iʻa?
Hiki i nā iʻa ke neʻe i kahi ala mānoanoa e like me ka wai. Pili kēia i kāu ʻano hydrodynamic, kahi me kona musculature ikaika i loko o ka pahu a me ka wahi o ka huelo, e hoʻoulu i kona kino i mua e kahi neʻe ʻana o ka ʻaoʻao, e hoʻohana mau ana i kāna mau lūlū ma ke ʻano he hoe no ke kaulike.
Pehea e lana ai ka iʻa?
Kū ka iʻa i ka paʻakikī o ka noho lana ʻana no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou mau kino ma mua o ka wai. ʻO kekahi iʻa, e like me ka manō (ʻo ia ka iʻa chondricte, ʻo ia hoʻi, he iʻa cartilaginous) ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻauʻauʻau, no laila pono lākou i kekahi ʻōnaehana e mālama i kahi kiʻekiʻe i ke kolamu wai, e like me ka mālama ʻana i ka neʻe mau.
Eia naʻe, he iʻa i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka buoyancy, ka ʻōpūʻauʻau, kahi e paʻa ai lākou i kahi kikoʻī o ka lewa e lana ai. Noho kekahi mau iʻa i ka hohonu like i loko o ko lākou ola, ʻoiai ua hiki i kekahi poʻe ke hoʻopiha a hakahaka i kā lākou ʻauʻau ʻauʻau e hoʻoponopono ai i ko lākou hohonu.
Pehea ka hanu o ka iʻa?
ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻōlelo mākou i nā iʻa āpau hanu ma nā ʻīhaʻi, kahi lālā membrane e ʻae ai i ka hele pololei ʻana o ka oxygen mai ka wai a ke koko.Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i laulaha ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona, no ka mea aia kekahi pūʻulu iʻa e pili kokoke ana i nā vertebrates terrestrial, a ʻo kēia ka hihia o ka iʻa māmā a i ʻole Dipnoos, i hiki ke hana i nā hanu lālā a me nā pulmonary.
No ka ʻike hou aku, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i kēia ʻatikala ʻē aʻe ma Pehea e hanu ai ka iʻa?
Osmosis i ka iʻa
Noho ka iʻa wai maoli i kahi kaona me nā paʻakai liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai i loko o ko lākou koko ke kiʻekiʻe o kēia mau mea, kū kēia ma muli o kahi hana i kapa ʻia ʻo osmosis, ke komo nui ʻana o ka wai i loko o kou kino a me ka kahe nui ʻana o nā paʻakai i waho.
ʻO ia ke kumu e pono ai i kahi mau hoʻololi e hoʻoponopono i kēia kaʻina, no laila omo paʻakai i kāu gills (ka mea e pili pololei me ka wai, ʻokoʻa ko lākou hermetic, ʻili uhi ʻia ka pālākiō) a i ʻole ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka mimi i kānana nui ʻia.
I kēia manawa, kū ka iʻa wai paʻakai i ka pilikia ʻē aʻe, noho lākou i loko ʻo ia hoʻi he paʻakai loa, no laila makaʻu lākou i ka make wai. No ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka paʻakai nui, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻu iā ia ma o nā gills a i ʻole ma o ka mimi paʻa loa, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole i kānana ʻia.
Hana Trophic o ka iʻa
ʻOkoʻa loa ka papaʻai o ka iʻa, mai kahi papaʻai e pili ana i nā koena o nā holoholona ma lalo, nā mea kanu, a hiki i ka predation o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe a molluscs paha. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona hope loa i ʻae iā lākou e ulu i ko lākou ʻike maka, ʻeleu a me ke kaulike e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai.
Ka neʻe ʻana i ka neʻe
Aia kekahi mau laʻana o ka iʻa e neʻe mai ka wai hou i ka wai paʻakai, a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hihia i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo Salmonids, kahi laʻana o ka iʻa anadromous i lilo i ko lākou ola makua i ke kai, akā hoʻi i ka wai hou e hua (ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻomoe i nā hua manu), hiki ke hoʻohana i kekahi ʻike kaiapuni e ʻike i ka muliwai kahi i hānau ʻia ai lākou a waiho i kā lākou mau hua ma laila. ʻOiai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e like me nā puhi, he catadromous, ʻoiai lākou e noho nei i ka wai hou, akā neʻe i ka wai paʻakai e hoʻohua.
Hoʻohua a me ka ulu ʻana o ka iʻa
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā iʻa he dioecious (he kāne lāua) a me ka oviparous (me hoʻouluulu kūwaho a me ka hoʻomohala kūwaho), hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i kā lākou mau hua i ke kaiapuni, kanu iā lākou, a i ʻole lawe i ka waha, i kekahi manawa e hāʻawi ana i kahi ʻano makaʻala i nā hua. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau laʻana o ka iʻa tropical ovoviviparous (mālama ʻia nā hua i loko o ka lua ovarian a hiki i ka hatch). Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he placenta kahi manō e hānai ʻia ai nā keiki, kahi hāpai hāpai hānau.
Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka iʻa me kulana kaiapuni, ka hapanui o ka mahana, me nā iʻa mai nā wahi tropical i loaʻa kahi ulu wikiwiki. ʻAʻole like me nā pūʻulu holoholona ʻē aʻe, hoʻomau ka ulu o ka iʻa i ko lākou wā makua me ka ʻole o ka palena, hiki i ka nui i kekahi mau hihia.
No ka ʻike hou aku, e heluhelu pū i kēia ʻatikala ʻē aʻe ma Pehea e hana hou ai ka iʻa?
Nā ʻano laulā o ka iʻa e like me kā lākou hui
ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke poina i ka ʻano iʻa e like me kāu hui:
iʻa agnate
He iʻa iwi ʻole lākou, he pūʻulu primitive loa a me nā minnows a me nā ipukukui. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe o ka vertebrae, manaʻo ʻia lākou he vertebrates, ma muli o nā ʻano i ʻike ʻia i ko lākou iwi poʻo a i ʻole ko lākou ulu embryonic. Loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻano aʻe:
- Kino Angiliform.
- ʻO lākou ka poʻe scavenger a i ʻole nā parasite, e noho kokoke ana i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe.
- ʻAʻohe o lākou vertebrae.
- ʻAʻole lākou i ossification kūloko.
- He ʻili ʻōlohelohe kona, no ka mea nele i ka unahi ʻole.
- Kaʻu papalua o nā peʻa.
iʻa gnathotomized
Pākuʻi ʻia kēia hui nā iʻa i koe āpau. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hapa nui o nā vertebrates o kēia lā ma aneʻi, e like me ke koena o nā iʻa, amphibians, nā mea kolo, nā manu a me nā mea hānai manu. Kapa ʻia lākou he iʻa me nā ā a he mau ʻano ko kēia.
- He mau ā kā lākou.
- ʻOiai a me nā peʻa (pectoral, dorsal, anal, ventral a i ʻole pelvic a me caudal).
Aia i loko o kēia hui:
- ʻO Chondrites: nā iʻa cartilaginous e like me ka manō, nā kukuna a me nā chimeras. Hana ʻia kou iwi iwi i ka iwi kuapo.
- Osteite: ie iʻa iwi. Hoʻopili kēia i nā iʻa āpau i hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa i kēia lā (ʻāpana ʻia i nā iʻa me nā ʻāpana i hoʻolana ʻia a me nā iʻa me nā peʻa lobulated, a i ʻole nā actinopterygeans a me nā sarcopterygeans).
Inā makemake ʻoe e heluhelu hou aku i nā ʻatikala e like me Nā ʻano laulā o ka iʻa, Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e komo i kā mākou Curiosities ʻāpana o ka honua holoholona.