Nā ʻano o nā māmala: ka wehewehe a me nā laʻana

Anter

• He aha nā mea māmele?
• 11 mau ʻano o nā māmela
• Nā ʻano holoholona holoholona māmala
• Nā laʻana o nā māmela
• Nā laʻana o nā māmela terrestrial
• Nā laʻana o nā mea hānai kai
• Nā laʻana o nā mamamals monotremes
• Nā laʻana o nā māmela mākua
• Nā laʻana o nā māmela lele

ʻO ka mamamā ka pūʻulu i aʻo nui ʻia o nā holoholona, ​​ʻo ia ke kumu ʻo lākou ka vertebrates kaulana loa. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻo ia ka hui e hoʻopili ʻia ai nā kānaka, no laila ma hope o nā kenekulia o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e ʻike i kekahi i kekahi, ua ʻimi kā mākou ʻano i nā mea ʻona ʻē aʻe.

Ma kēia ʻatikala PeritoAnimal, e wehewehe mākou e pili ana i ka wehewehe o nā māmala, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka mea a mākou e ʻike ai. Eia hou, e wehewehe mākou i ka hanana mammal a kekahi mau laʻana i ʻike ʻia a ʻo kekahi ʻaʻole maʻamau.

He aha nā mea māmele?

He hui nui nā māmala o holoholona vertebrate me ka mahana mau o ke kino, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka papa Mammalia. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, wehewehe ʻia nā māmela ma ke ʻano he holoholona me ka hulu a me nā gmmary, nāna e hānau kā lākou keiki. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā meaola o ka māmela, me nā ʻano wehewehe ʻoi aku ma mua o nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna.

E iho mai nā mammal a pau he kupuna hoʻokahi i hōʻike ʻia i ka hopena o ka Triassic, ma kahi o 200 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Kūpono, iho mai nā māmela sprimitives ynapsid, tetrapods amniotic, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā holoholona wāwae ʻehā nona ka embryos i hoʻomalu ʻia e nā enope ʻehā. Ma hope o ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā dinosaur, ma kahi o 65 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻokoʻa nā māmela mai kēia kūpuna maʻamau i loko ʻanoʻano, hoʻololi i nā ʻano āpau, ka ʻāina, ka wai a me ka ea.

11 mau ʻano o nā māmela

E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, ʻaʻole wehewehe ʻia kēia mau holoholona e hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua mau huapalapala, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻano morphological kū hoʻokahi, a me kahi paʻakikī ethological nui e hana i kēlā me kēia mea kū hoʻokahi.

Ma nā ʻano o nā mammal vertebrate he:

1. iwi a hana wale ʻia e iwi niho.
2. ʻO ka articulation o ka mandible me ka iwi poʻo i hana pololei ʻia ma waena o nā iwi niho a me nā iwi squamosal.
3. ʻO hiʻona ʻekolu iwi ma ka pepeiao waena (hammer, stirrup and incus), koe wale nō nā monotremes, nona ka pepeiao reptilian maʻalahi.
4. ʻO ke kumu epidermal nui o kēia mau holoholona ko lākou lauoho. Pau ʻano mamele hoʻomohala i ka lauoho, i ka nui a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano, e like me nā cetaceans, he lauoho wale nō i ka wā hānau, a nalowale lākou i kēia mau lauoho ke ulu lākou. I kekahi mau hihia, hoʻololi ʻia ka hulu, hana, no ka laʻana, nā peʻa o nā koholā a i ʻole nā ​​unahi o ka pangolin.
5. Hoʻopulu ʻia i ka ʻili o nā māmala, kahi nui o ka hou a me ka gland sebaceous hiki ke loaʻa. Hoʻololi ʻia kekahi o lākou i mau ʻala pilau a i ʻole ʻawahia.
6. makanaʻi kelena mākū, ka mea i loaʻa mai i nā gland sebaceous a hūnā i ka waiū, ʻo ia ka meaʻai kūpono no nā māmela ʻōpio.
7. Wahi a ka laha, loaʻa paha iā lākou nā kui, nā māiʻuʻu a i ʻole nā ​​hooves, hana ʻia nā mea āpau i kahi mea i kapa ʻia keratin.
8. Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe mamala pepeiaohao a pepeiaohao. ʻO nā pepeiaohao kahi kumu iwi i uhi ʻia e ka ʻili, a he pale chitinous hoʻi nā pepeiaohao, a aia kekahi poʻe me ka ʻole o kahi kumu iwi, i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā hōʻiliʻili o nā ʻili, e like me nā pepeiaohao o ka rhinos.
9. ʻ mea hoʻoheheʻe hammalian hoʻomohala nui ʻia a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona e hoʻohālikelike loa iā lākou ke alo o a ʻeke ʻapo, ka ʻōlelo hoʻohui.
10. Loaʻa i nā māmela a neocortex lolo aiʻole, e waiho iā ia i kahi ala ʻē aʻe, kahi lolo ulu nui, e alakaʻi iā lākou e hoʻomohala i kahi helu nui o nā mākau ʻike paʻakikī.
11. nā mea momona a pau hanuea, ʻoiai he mau māmele wai lākou. No laila, ʻelua mau ʻōnaehana hanu o nā māmala māmā ka mea, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka laha, e lobeda paha. Loaʻa iā lākou ka trachea, bronchi, bronchioles a me alveoli, i hoʻomākaukau ʻia no ka hoʻololi kinoea. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi hua leo me nā kaula leo i loko o ka larynx. ʻAe kēia iā lākou e hana i nā kani like ʻole.

Nā ʻano holoholona holoholona māmala

E kāpae ka wehewehe maʻamau o ka māmala i kekahi o nā ʻano mamala mua i ʻike ʻia ma ka honua. Māhele ʻia ka papa Mammalia i loko ʻekolu kauoha, nā monotremes, nā marsupial a me nā placentals.

1. Nā Monotremes: ke kaʻina o nā mamamals monotremes e hana ʻia e ʻelima wale nō mau ʻano holoholona, ​​platypus a me echidnas. Kuhi ʻia kēia mau māmela e nā holoholona oviparous, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻomoe lākou i nā hua. Eia kekahi, mālama lākou i kahi ʻano o ko lākou mau kūpuna kope, ka cloaca, kahi e hui pū ai ka digestive, urinary and reproductive apparatus.
2. Marsupial: Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā mamamals Marsupial e, ʻoiai he holoholona viviparous, he ulu pōkole loa ko lākou, hoʻopau ʻia i waho o ka kōpū o ka makuahine akā i loko o kahi ʻeke ʻili i kapa ʻia ʻo marsupium, kahi i loaʻa ai nā aʻa mammary.
3. Placentals: ʻO ka hope, aia nā māmela hānai. ʻO kēia mau holoholona, ​​ʻo viviparous hoʻi, hoʻopau i kā lākou ulu fetal i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine, a ke haʻalele lākou iā ia, pili loa lākou i ko lākou makuahine, nāna e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka pale a me ka hānai a lākou e pono ai i nā mahina mua a i ʻole nā ​​makahiki o ke ola. waiū umauma.

Nā laʻana o nā māmela

I mea e ʻike ai ʻoe i kēia mau holoholona, ​​ke hōʻike aku nei mākou ma lalo o kahi papa inoa nui o nā holoholona mammalian, ʻoiai ʻaʻole nui ia e like me ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 5,200 ʻano o nā māmala aia i kēia manawa ma ka honua Honua.

Nā laʻana o nā māmela terrestrial

E hoʻomaka mākou me ka māmala ʻāina, ʻo kekahi o lākou:

• Zebra (zebra equus);
• popoki kūloko (ʻO Felis sylvestris catus);
• ʻīlio kūloko (Canis lupus familiaris);
• Elepani ʻApelika (Loxodonta ʻApelika);
• ʻO Wolf (kennels lupus);
• He dia maʻamau (cervus elaphus);
• ʻO Eurasian Lynx (lynx lynx);
• ʻĀpana ʻEulopa (Oryctolagus cuniculus);
• Lio (equus ferus caballus)​​;
• ʻO Chimpanzee maʻamau (pā troglodytes);
• Bonobo (pā paniscus);
• Borneo Orangutan (Pong Pygmaeus);
• Pea bear (Ursus arctos);
• Panda bear a panda nunui (Ailuropoda melanoleuca);
• ʻAlopeke ʻulaʻula (Vulpes Vulpes);
• Sumatran Tiger (panthera tigris sumatrae);
• Tigā Bengal (panthera tigris tigris);
• ʻO Reindeer (rangifer tarandus);
• KaikaAlouatta palliata);
• llama (lepo glam);
• Weasel honimephitis mephitis);
• Badger (meli meli).

Nā laʻana o nā mea hānai kai

Aia kekahi wai māmala wai, ʻo kekahi o lākou:

• Whale Grey (Eschrichtius robustus);
• ʻO ke koholā kūpono Pygmy (Caperea marata);
• ʻO Ganges dolphin (gangetic platanist);
• Whale Fin (Balaenoptera physalus);
• Whale Blue (ʻO Musenoptera musculus);
• Dolphin Bolivia (Inia boliviensis);
• Porpoise (lipos vexillifer);
• Dolphin Araguaia (Inia araguaiaensis);
• Whale Greenland (Mysticetus Balaena);
• Dolphin Lāʻau (ʻO Lagenorhynchus obscurus);
• Porpoise (phocoena phocoena);
• Dolphin Pink (Inia geoffrensis);
• E hele ana i ka muliwai Dolphin (platanist liʻiliʻi);
• Whale Kākau Pākīpika (Eubalaena japonica);
• Whale Humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae);
• ʻO ka dolphin ʻaoʻao keʻokeʻo (Lagenorhynchus acutus);
• Vaquita (Sinoa Phocoena);
• Sila sila (Vitulina Phoca);
• Liona Kai Nuhōlani (Neophoca cinerea);
• ʻO ka hulu hulu ʻAmelika Hema (Arctophoca australis australis);
• Ke Kai Moana (ʻO nā bea Callorhinus);
• Seal Monk Mediterranean (monachus monachus);
• ʻO ka pāpaʻi pāpaʻi (Wolfdon carcinophagus);
• Leopadi Seal (ʻO Hydrurga leptonyx);
• Searded Seal (ʻO Erignathus barbatus);
• Harp Seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus).

Kiʻi: Dolphin Pink / Reproduction: https://www.flickr.com/photos/lubasi/7450423740

Nā laʻana o nā mamamals monotremes

e ukali nei me ka laʻana mammal, eia kekahi ʻano o nā mamamals monotremes:

• Platypus (Ornithorhynchus masukus);
• Echidna pōkole (tachyglossus aculeatus);
• ʻO Attenborough's Echidne (Zaglossus attenboroughi);
• ʻO Barton's Echidne (ʻO Zaglossus bartoni);
• ʻO Echidna i hāʻawi ʻia i ka wā lōʻihi (Zaglossus bruijni).

Nā laʻana o nā māmela mākua

Aia kekahi māmele hams, i waena o lākou, nā mea makemake nui ʻia:

• ʻO Vombat maʻamau (ʻO Ursinus Vombatus);
• Kō kō (petaurus breviceps);
• ʻO Kangaroo Grey Hikina (ʻO Macropus giganteus);
• ʻO Kangaroo Grey Komohana (Macropus fuliginosus);
• Koala (Phascolarctos Cinereus);
• Kangaroo ʻulaʻula (Macropus rufus);
• Diabolo a Tasmanian diabolo paha (Sarcophilus harrisii).

Nā laʻana o nā māmela lele

E hoʻopau i kēia ʻatikala e pili ana hanana mammal, e ʻōlelo mākou i kekahi ʻano o nā māmele lele e pono ai ʻoe e ʻike e pili ana:

• Wooly opeapea (Myotis emarginatus);
• ʻO ka peʻa arboreal nui (Nyctalus noctula);
• Bat Hema (ʻO Eptesicus isabellinus);
• Waonaula Bat Bat (Lasiurus blossevillii);
• ʻO Bat Flying Filipaina (ʻO Acerodon jubatus);
• peʻa hammer (Hypsignathus monstrosus);
• ʻO ka ʻōpeʻa maʻamau a i ʻole ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa dwarf (pipistrellus pipistrellus);
• Bat Vampire (Desmodus rotundus);
• ʻO Bat Vampire wawae lauohoDiphylla ecaudata);
• ʻO Bat Vampire ʻēheu keʻokeʻo (diaemus youngi).

Inā makemake ʻoe e heluhelu hou aku i nā ʻatikala e like me Nā ʻano o nā māmala: ka wehewehe a me nā laʻana, Paipai mākou iā ʻoe e komo i kā mākou Curiosities ʻāpana o ka honua holoholona.