Nā ʻano manu

Anter

• ʻO ka plumage, ka hiʻohiʻona kū hoʻokahi o nā manu
• Nā ʻano laulā o nā manu
• ka lele manu ʻana
• Ka neʻe manu ʻana
• ka iwi manu
• Nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe

ʻO nā manu he vertebrates tetrapod-mehana koko (ʻo ia hoʻi, endotherms) i loaʻa nā ʻano ʻokoʻa loa e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai ke koena o nā holoholona. He hui kou mau kūpuna o nā dinosaurs theropod i noho i ka Honua i ka wā o Jurassic, ma waena o 150 a me 200 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO lākou nā vertebrates ʻokoʻa loa, me kahi o 10,000 mau lā i kēia lā. Noho lākou i nā wahi āpau o ka honua, i loaʻa i nā wahi anuanu o nā pou, i nā wao akua a me nā wahi kai. Aia kekahi mau ʻano e like me ka liʻiliʻi o kekahi o nā hummingbirds, a ʻo nā ʻano nui e like me ka aeto.

ʻOiai he ʻano like ʻole o nā manu, i kēia ʻatikala na PeritoAnimal, e hōʻike aku mākou iā ʻoe i ka ʻano like o kēia mau holoholona, ​​ʻo ia hoʻi, nā ʻano manu a me kāna mau kikoʻī pīhoihoi loa.

ʻO ka plumage, ka hiʻohiʻona kū hoʻokahi o nā manu

ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻano manu āpau ke lele, mahalo ka hapanui i ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ko lākou mau kino a me nā ʻeheu. ʻAe kēia hiki iā lākou ke noho kolone i nā ʻano wahi āpau āpau i hiki ʻole i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ke kiʻi. He ʻano paʻakikī ko nā hulu manu, a ua ulu lākou mai kā lākou hoʻomaka maʻalahi i nā dinosaurs pre-avian i ko lākou ʻano hou i loko o nā makahiki he mau miliona. No laila i kēia lā hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa ʻokoʻa nui ma 10,000 mau ʻano aia i loko o ka honua.

Hoʻololi kēlā me kēia ʻano hulu e like me ka ʻāpana o ke kino kahi i loaʻa ai a e like hoʻi me kona ʻano, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi kēia me kēlā me kēia ʻano, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hulu wale ka hana ʻana o ka hulu, akā ʻo kēia nō hoʻi:

• Koho hoa.
• I ka pūnana ʻana.
• ʻIke Cospecific (ie, nā kānaka o ka ʻano like).
• Thermoregulation o ke kino, ʻoiai, i ka hihia o ka moa wai, hoʻopaʻa nā plumage i nā huʻa ea e pale i ka manu mai ka pulu i ka wā luʻu.
• Kāmahu

Nā ʻano laulā o nā manu

Ma waena o nā ʻano o nā manu, kū aʻe nā mea aʻe:

ka lele manu ʻana

Mahalo i ke ʻano o ko lākou mau ʻēheu, hiki i nā manu ke hana mai nā ala palahalaha kupaianaha i nā huakaʻi hele lōʻihi loa, i nā manu neʻe. Ua ulu ʻokoʻa nā ʻeheu i kēlā me kēia hui manu, e laʻa me:

• manu hulu ʻole: i ka hihia o nā penguins, nele lākou i ka hulu a me ko lākou mau ʻeheu he ʻano fin, no ka mea ua hoʻomaʻa ʻia i ka ʻauʻau ʻana.
• Manu me ka hulu hoʻemi: i nā hihia ʻē aʻe, hoʻēmi ʻia ka hulu, e like me nā ʻoka, nā moa a me nā ʻāpana.
• manu me ka hulu mua: i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e like me ke kiwi, he mea mua nā ʻeheu a he ʻano like ka hulu me ka huluhulu.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i nā lelo lele e hoʻomohala nui ʻia nā ʻeheu a, ke kaukaʻi i ko lākou nohona, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole:

• Ākea a pōʻai: i nā laha e noho i nā wahi i paʻa.
• Kuʻikuʻi a kikoʻi hoʻi: i nā manu lele lele e like me ka ale.
• haiki a ākea: i loko o nā manu e like me nā limu, e heʻe ana ma luna o ka wai.
• Hoʻohuli nā hulu i nā manamana lima: ma nā ʻano e like me nā ʻohilohi, ʻike ʻia nā hulu e like me nā manamana lima ma nā wēlau o nā ʻeheu, e ʻae iā lākou e lele i ke kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻohana ana i nā kolamu o ka ea mehana i nā wahi mauna, no ka laʻana.

Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau manu lele ʻole, ʻoiai mākou e wehewehe aku nei iā ʻoe i kēia ʻatikala ʻē aʻe e pili ana i nā manu lele ʻole - Hiʻona a 10 mau laʻana.

Ka neʻe manu ʻana

Hiki i nā manu ke lele lōʻihi i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, ka mea maʻamau a hoʻopili pū ʻia, a aia ma muli o nā hoʻololi kau kahi e neʻe ai nā manu mai nā wahi hoʻoilo i ka hema a i nā kauwela i ke kūkulu ʻākau, e laʻa, e ʻimi i ka loaʻa nui o nā meaʻai e hiki ai ke hānai i kā lākou ʻōpio i ka wā hānau.

I kēia kau, hāʻawi ka neʻe ʻana iā lākou e ʻike nā panalāʻau e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i ka pūnana a hānai i kāu mau ʻīlio pēpē. Hoʻohui ʻia, kōkua kēia hana iā lākou e mālama i ka homeostasis (ke kaulike o ke kino o loko), no ka mea, ʻae kēia mau neʻe iā lākou e pale i nā anilā koʻikoʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ua kapa ʻia nā manu e neʻe ʻole i kapa ʻia he kamaʻāina a loaʻa nā hoʻololi ʻē aʻe e kū ai i nā manawa maikaʻi ʻole.

Nui a hewahewa nā ala e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai nā manu iā lākou iho i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, a ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi he nui e hoʻohana ana lākou i ka lā e huli ai i ko lākou ala. Hoʻokomo pū ka hoʻokele i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā māla ʻume mākenēki, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pilau, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā palena ʻāina ʻike.

Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou e pili ana i kēia kumuhana, mai haʻalele i kēia ʻatikala PeritoAnimal e pili ana i nā manu neʻe.

ka iwi manu

Manuahi kahi manu i ko lākou iwi, a ʻo ia ka alo o nā lua (i nā ʻano lele) piha i ka ea, akā me ke kūpaʻa nui ʻana, a laila, hāʻawi iā lākou i ka māmā. Ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he ʻokoʻa nā degere o ka fusion o kēia mau iwi i nā wahi like ʻole o ke kino, e like me nā iwi iwi poʻo, ʻaʻohe ona sutures. He mau ʻano ʻokoʻa ko ka iwi kuamoʻo, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā vertebrae i ka ʻāʻī, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka loli. Hoʻopili pū ʻia ka vertebrae hope me ka pelvis a hana i ka synsacrum. I kekahi ʻaoʻao, he iwi ʻaoʻao palahalaha ko nā manu a me kahi sternum keel, e lawelawe ana e hoʻokomo i nā mākala lele. He mau wāwae wāwae ʻehā ko lākou, e like me ko lākou ʻano, he mau inoa ʻokoʻa ko lākou:

• anisodactyls: ʻO ka mea maʻamau i waena o nā manu, me nā manamana ʻekolu e kū pono ana i mua a me hoʻokahi manamana i hope.
• syndactyls: nā manamana ʻekolu a ʻehā i hoʻopili ʻia, e like me ka kingfisher.
• Zygodactyls: ʻano o nā manu arboreal, e like me nā mea lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​touchans, me nā manamana ʻelua e kū i mua (manamana 2 a me 3) a ʻelua mau manamana e kū i hope (nā manamana 1 a me 4).
• Nā Pamprodactyls: hoʻonohonoho i kuhikuhi ʻia nā manamana ʻehā i mua. ʻO ke ʻano o nā swift (Apodidae), ka mea e hoʻohana ai i ke kui o ka manamana mua e kau ai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau manu ke pae a hele wāwae paha.
• nā heterodactyls: like ia me zygodactyly, koe naʻe ma aneʻi nā manamana 3 a me 4 e kuhikuhi ana i mua, a me nā manamana 1 a me 2 e kuhikuhi i hope. He ʻano maʻamau ia o nā trogoniforms e like me quetzals.

Nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe

ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā manu e like me kēia:

• Hoʻonui i ke ʻano o ka maka: He nui nā orbits o nā manu (kahi e moe ai nā maka maka) a me nā maka nui, a pili kēia i ka lele. ʻO kona ʻike maka, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kekahi ʻano e like me nā ʻaeto, a ʻoi aku ʻekolu mau manawa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, me nā kānaka.
• ʻala ʻaʻalaʻilihune.
• Pepeiaohoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia.
• Nā nuku o Horned: ʻo ia hoʻi, he ʻano keratin kā lākou, a pili pono ko lākou ʻano i ke ʻano o ka papaʻai a ka manu. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi, aia nā nuku i hoʻopili ʻia e omo i ka nectar mai nā pua, a i ʻole nui a ikaika e wehe i nā hua a me nā ʻanoʻano. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, aia nā nozzles kānana e ʻae iā ʻoe e hānai i ka lepo a i ʻole nā ​​wahi i hālana ʻia, a me ke ʻano o ka ihe e hiki ai ke lawaiʻa. He kūpaʻa kekahi mau ʻano, nuku nā nuku no ka ʻoki ʻana i ka wahie, a ʻo kekahi poʻe me ka lou e hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻimi holoholona.
• ʻO Syrinx: ʻo ia ka leo leo o nā manu a, e like me nā leo leo o ke kanaka, ʻae iā lākou e hoʻokuʻu i nā leo a me nā mele mele i kekahi mau ʻano i hiki iā lākou ke kamaʻilio.
• hoʻohua hou: hana ka hanauna a nā manu ma o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana i loko, a hoʻomoe lākou i nā hua manu i hāʻawi ʻia me ka uhi ʻiliʻili paʻa.
• Mele: hiki iā lākou ke monogamous, ʻo ia, hoʻokahi wale nō hoa i ka manawa o ka hānau hānau holoʻokoʻa (a ʻoi aku paha ka lōʻihi, a i ʻole nā ​​makahiki he mau makahiki), a i ʻole polygamous a he mau hoa.
• Pūnana: waiho lākou i kā lākou mau hua i nā pūnana i kūkulu ʻia no kēia kumu, a hiki ke hana ʻia kēia kūkulu e nā mākua ʻelua a i ʻole kekahi o lākou wale nō. Hiki i nā pēpē ke lilo i altricial, ʻo ia hoʻi, hānau ʻia lākou me ka hulu ʻole, a i kēia hihia hoʻopukapuka nā mākua i ka manawa he nui i kā lākou hānai ʻana a mālama ʻana; a i ʻole precocious paha lākou, a laila haʻalele lākou i ka pūnana ma mua a he wā pōkole ka mālama makua.