Anter
- 1. Ka ʻauhau ʻauhau a nā ʻīlio
- 2. Ke kumu o nā ʻīlio
- inoa ʻepekema o ka ʻīlio
- 3. Nā ʻano kino
- 4. Ka hana a nā ʻīlio
- 5. ʻAi ʻīlio
- 6. Nānā ʻīlio
- 7. Lā hānau ʻīlio
- 8. Hānau hou ʻana o nā ʻīlio
- 9. Nā hoihoi e pili ana i nā ʻīlio
- 10. Ka manaolana ola ʻīlio
ʻ ʻīlio kūloko ʻo ia paha ka pipi nui i makemake nui ʻia ma ka honua. Ua manaʻo ʻia aia ma waena 70 a me 500 miliona o ka poʻe ma ka honua, no laila, nui ka poʻe makemake e ʻike hou e pili ana i kēia mau holoholona, e hoʻomaka me nā ʻano e kū nui i waho.
He mea ʻole inā ʻoe e hana nei i kahi haʻawina kula e pili ana i nā ʻīlio a i ʻole inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike i nā mea āpau e pili ana iā lākou. I kēia ʻatikala PeritoAnimal kōkua mākou iā ʻoe e wehewehe i ka ʻīlio a me ko lākou ʻano ʻoi aku ka nui, e like me kāna taxonomy, morphology, kamaʻilio a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻīlio e ola nei.
1. Ka ʻauhau ʻauhau a nā ʻīlio
E hoʻomaopopo maoli i nā ʻano o ka ʻīlio (a i ʻole kekahi holoholona ʻē aʻe) pono ia e ʻike he aha kāu. ʻauhau ʻauhau, ʻo ia hoʻi, kona hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana nominlature binomial. No laila, hōʻike ʻia ka ʻauhau ʻauhau a ka ʻīlio penei:
- Pūnaewele: Eukarya
- Aupuni: Animalia
- Subreinus: Eumetazoa
- Palapala Honua: Vertebrate
- Papa: Mammalia
- Papa lalo: Theria
- Infraclass: Placentalia
- Kauoha: Carnivore
- Papa kauoha: Caniformy
- ʻOhana: Canidae
- Pāhana: Caninae
- Ke ʻano: Kennels
- Nā ʻanoʻano: Canis lupus
- Nā Subspecies: Canis lupus familiaris
2. Ke kumu o nā ʻīlio
ʻAʻole maʻalahi e hoʻoholo i ke kumu o nā ʻīlio, akā naʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia ua ʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona mua no ka manawa mua i hala. 15,000 mau makahiki ma ka ʻāina ʻAsia, i kēia lā ʻo Kina, kūlike me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mahiʻai. ʻO kēia mau ʻīlio mua - manaʻo ʻia he mau scavenger kūpono (e ʻai i nā holoholona make), ʻaʻole makaʻu a ʻoi aku ka launa, i kōkua i kā lākou hana lima - hele kokoke i nā lāhui kanaka i ʻimi no ka make, nā meaʻai starchy nui o nā kumu kanu. No laila, mahalo i ka symbiosis - ka pilina ma waena o ʻelua mau ʻano - ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻīlio mua[1].
inoa ʻepekema o ka ʻīlio
ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema o ka ʻīlio Canis lupus familiaris, like loa me ka inoa ʻepekema o ka ʻīlio hae, kennels lupus, a me kāna mau mea kōkua, e like me kennels lupus lupus, kennels lupus arabs a i ʻole ʻO Canis lupus signatus.
ʻO ia ka manaʻo ua iho ka ʻīlio mai ka ʻīlio hae? ʻOiai like lākou me lākou, kahi aʻo o ka ʻohana DNA kaʻina Canidae Kuhi ka ʻīlio a me ka ʻīlio hae i ka ʻano like, akā he mau ʻohana ʻokoʻa nō ia. No laila, manaʻo ʻia he hiki i nā ʻīlio hae a me nā ʻīlio kūpuna maʻamau, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe ʻike hope e hōʻoia i kēia[2].
3. Nā ʻano kino
ʻo ka ʻīlio he mammal quadruped (ʻo ia, hele ma nā wāwae ʻehā) kū i waho no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi huelo a me kahi huluhulu e uhi ana i kona kino holoʻokoʻa. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia mau lā, mahalo i nā ʻano canine like ʻole, loaʻa iā mākou nā ʻīlio o nā ʻano like ʻole. nā nui, nā kinona a me nā kala. ʻO kahi laʻana, e pili ana i nā ana, ka ʻīlio liʻiliʻi loa, ʻo Chihuahua, ke ana ma waena o 15 a 25 knm ke kiʻekiʻe i nā mea mae wale (wahi kiʻekiʻe o ka poʻohiwi o kahi ʻīlio), ʻoiai ka ʻo ka ʻīlio nui loa ma ka honua, ka Great Dane, he kiʻekiʻena ke kiʻekiʻe o 80 knm i ka poʻe mae.
ʻO ke Morphology kekahi mea loli ma waena o nā ʻano o kahi ʻīlio. No laila ua loaʻa iā mākou nā ʻīlio me ka ihu loa loa a me nā mea ʻē aʻe me ka muzzles pālahalaha, nā ʻīlio i kapa ʻia ʻo brachycephalic. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona nui loa o ka laha ka huelo, hiki ke lōʻihi a pōkole paha, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia nō kekahi mau hānau i hānau ʻia me ka ʻole o ia. KA huelo hana ʻia i kahi helu loli o ka vertebrae, a he mau huluhulu paha a ʻoi a emi paha. Ma pepeiao, hāʻawi ʻia me nā mākala 18, maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi. ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke hooki i ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i nā palule, i hiki ke lilo i nā ʻano kala like ʻole a me nā lauana, a pēlā hoʻi me ka palupalu, ʻeleʻele a i ʻole pālua hoʻi.
He holoholona viviparous ia, a inā mākou e nīnau iā mākou iho e pili ana i ka wahi noho ʻīlio, pono mākou e ʻike i kēia mau lā paʻakikī loa e wehewehe i kahi e noho ai nā ʻīlio, ʻoiai ka hapanui o lākou e noho ana i nā kauhale kuaʻāina a me nā kauhale, e paʻa lima pū me ke kāne - a i ʻole, i kēia hihia, lima i ka wāwae. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia nā noiʻi hou i kahi ʻano canid hihiu hou (kennels lupus hallstromi) ka mea i manaʻo ʻia o ka loulou i nalo ma waena o nā canids mua a me nā ʻīlio kūloko i ka Nā mauna mauna ʻo Nūkini[3].
4. Ka hana a nā ʻīlio
Hōʻike ʻo Sociobiology he ʻīlio lākou holoholona hoʻoliʻiliʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ke noho nei lākou i nā kaiāulu i hana ʻia e nā kānaka he nui. Akā nō naʻe, i kēia lā, mahalo i ka hana hoʻokipa a me ka launa ʻana o ka ʻīlio, loaʻa iā mākou ka hui o kahi holoholona ʻoi aku ka pilina me nā lālā o kāu ʻano ponoʻī a me nā lāhui ʻē aʻe, e like me nā pōpoki, nā kānaka a i ʻole nā lāpaki.
ʻ ʻano hiki i nā ʻīlio ke loli loa a kūʻē i ka mea a ka poʻe nui i manaʻoʻiʻo ai, ʻaʻole hoʻoholo ka lāhui i kahi ʻano o ka ʻīlio.[4]. Ma waho aʻe o ka pilikanaka, ke ʻano o ka ʻīlio e hoʻohuli ʻia e ka nā genetics a me ke aʻo ʻana hāʻawi ʻia e ka mea nona.
Eia nō naʻe, inā mākou e ʻeli hohonu i nā ʻano o nā ʻīlio, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike he a lākou ʻōlelo kino piha loa, ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he "nā hōʻailona mālie", a me ka hiki ke mele. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻīlio e hoihoi pinepine i ka poʻe mālama!
5. ʻAi ʻīlio
He aha nā ʻīlio e ʻai ai? Manaʻo nui ka poʻe inā he omnivore a ʻīlio paha ka ʻīlio, eia nō naʻe, kekahi o nā ʻano morphological o ka laha, e like me nā māiʻuʻu, nā niho ʻoi loa a i ʻole nā enzyme kikoʻī, ke ʻano o kēia ʻano. ʻo karnivora kohos
Eia nō naʻe, e like me kā mākou i manaʻo ai i ka hoʻomaka o ka ʻatikala, ʻo ka ʻīlio pū kekahi mea ʻaihue ʻāpana kūpono, ka mea i ʻae i kāna hana hale. Wahi a kekahi mau kumumanaʻo, ʻo kēia ka hana i ʻae ai i ka ʻīlio e ʻeli i ka starch a, no laila, nā kumuwaiwai o ke kumu kumu.[1].
6. Nānā ʻīlio
ʻElua ʻano ʻē aʻe hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻīlio. honi a me ka lohe ʻana. E hoʻomaka mākou me ka mea nui, ʻaʻala, ka mea nui i ka hopu holoholona, ka pilikanaka a me ka moekolohe. ʻAʻole like me nā kānaka, he 5 miliona mau ʻelepela olfactory wale nō, aia nā ʻīlio ma waena 200 a me 300 miliona mau mīkini ʻoliva. ʻO kekahi ʻano nui ke ʻano o ka lohe, ka mea ʻoi aku ka ʻoi ma mua o ko ke kanaka.
7. Lā hānau ʻīlio
Ke hoʻomau nei me nā ʻano o nā ʻīlio, pono mākou e ʻike i kēia manawa aia he nui aku ma mua o 300 lānai o nā ʻīlio, ʻike ʻia e kekahi a i ʻole nā hui cynological ʻē aʻe, e like me ka FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) a i ʻole The Kennel Club, ʻelua o nā mea nui loa. Aia kekahi mau lāhui ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia e nā ʻāpana nui, nā aupuni a me nā aupuni kūʻokoʻa.
Ma aneʻi ma PeritoAnimal hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi ʻatikala e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻīlio - ma mua a ma hope, a i ʻole kekahi kikoʻī e pili ana i nā ʻano ʻīlio Brazil.
8. Hānau hou ʻana o nā ʻīlio
Mahalo paha pehea e hānau hou ai nā ʻīlio? ʻOiai e hana kolohe nā kāne ma loko o ka makahiki, he awelika o nā ʻīlio wahine ʻelua manawa momona i ka makahiki, ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano wela, ke hiki iā lākou ke hāpai. Inā kūleʻa ka copulate i ka estrus, ka pae momona, loaʻa i ka wahine ka ʻōpū e paʻa ma waena o 60 a me 90 mau lā.
I ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana, e ʻimi ka wahine i kahi pūnana (a i ʻole e hāʻawi mākou iā ia iā ia) kahi e hana ai ʻo ia i ka hānau hānau a, hikiwawe, ka hānau ʻana o nā ʻīlio pēpē. E hānai ʻo ka wahine iā lākou a mālama iā lākou no ʻelua mau mahina aʻe a ʻoi paha, a hiki i ka weaning mai nā ʻīlio pēpē, ke hiki iā lākou ke mālama iā lākou iho.
9. Nā hoihoi e pili ana i nā ʻīlio
Nui a hewahewa nā mea e pili ana i nā ʻīlio e huki i ka nui o ka nānā mai iā kākou āpau. Ua ʻike anei ʻoe ʻo Laika, ka astronaut canine, ka mea ola mua i hele i ke ākea? A he mau manamana lima ko kēlā mau ʻīlio ma ko lākou ihu? A i ʻole ʻo Hachiko ka ʻīlio ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻoi loa i ka honua?
E nānā i ka wikiō ma lalo 10 mau mea liʻiliʻi e pili ana i nā ʻīlio ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke nalo!
10. Ka manaolana ola ʻīlio
E hoʻopau me nā ʻano o nā ʻīlio, makemake mākou e hoʻokūpaʻa i ka lōʻihi o nā ʻīlio loli loa a no ka hapa o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻīlio e kona kahu. No laila, ʻo kahi ʻīlio i loaʻa ke ʻano maikaʻi o ke ola, i komo pū me ka meaʻai maikaʻi, hoʻoikaika kino i kēlā me kēia lā a me ka mālama olakino pale, e ola ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka ʻīlio liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā ʻīlio nui aʻe ma muli o kā lākou hana metabolic. Ma ka laulā, kahi ola o kahi ʻīlio mai ka 7 a 20 mau makahiki. A inā hoihoi ʻoe, i kēia ʻatikala PeritoAnimal ʻē aʻe āu e aʻo ai pehea e helu ai i nā makahiki o kahi ʻīlio kanaka.
