ʻO nā holoholona hele a make i ka Pantanal

Mea Kākau: John Stephens
Lā O Ka Hana: 25 Ianuali 2021
HōʻAno Hou I Ka Lā: 20 Nowemapa 2024
Anonim
ЛЮБОВЬ С ДОСТАВКОЙ НА ДОМ (2020). Романтическая комедия. Хит
Wikiō: ЛЮБОВЬ С ДОСТАВКОЙ НА ДОМ (2020). Романтическая комедия. Хит

Anter

Ke kamaʻilio e pili ana iā Pantanal, he aha ka mea i kou manaʻo? nui ka poʻe e noʻonoʻo e pili ana jaguars, alligators a iʻa nui paha. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kēia biome - i ʻike ʻia he ʻāina wai nui nui ma ka honua - he ʻano nui o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona.

Eia nō naʻe, noho kēia waiwai āpau hoʻoweliweli mau, ma muli paha o ka ulu ʻana o nā ahi, ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka mahiʻai a i ʻole ka huli holoholona kū ʻole i ke kānāwai. No laila, aia kahi pilikia nui i ka helu o holoholona weliweli i ka Pantanal.

I loko o kēia ʻatikala na PeritoAnimal, e hōʻike mākou iā ʻoe i nā holoholona i kahi makaʻu, i hala ʻole a me nā mea e hiki ke hana e pale aku ai i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe mai ka nalo kūlohelohe. Huli aku!


He aha ka Pantanal?

ʻO ka Pantanal kekahi o nā biome ʻeono i loaʻa ma Brazil, me ka Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado, ʻAkelanika ʻAala a me Cerrado. ʻO kona wahi he 150,988 km², e hōʻike ana iā 1.8% o ka nui o ka palena o ka ʻāina ʻo Brazil.[1]

ʻOiai ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā meaola ʻē aʻe o Brazil, mai hoʻopunipuni ʻia. No laila he manaʻo kou, aia iā Pantanal kahi ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o Helene, ʻEnelani a i ʻole Pokukala a pāpālua ʻo ia i ka nui o Panama.

Aia i hea ʻo Pantanal?

Aia ia ma ka ʻāpana Midwest, aia ia ma 22 kūlanakauhale ma Mato Grosso a me Mato Grosso do Sul, ma kahi o Paraguay a me Bolivia. Kū ka biome no ke kū ikaika o nā kaiāulu kuʻuna, e like me nā lāhui nā ʻōiwi a me nā maroons, i mau makahiki i kōkua i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka moʻomeheu Pantanal.


Aia ia ma kahi kaumaha nui ma ke kahawai ʻo luna ʻo Paraguay. I nā wā ua nui, ua Holo ka muliwai Paraguay a ke kahe nei i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka teritori a hoʻopiha ʻia nā wahi kanu. Ke iho mai ka wai, hānai ʻia ka pipi a ʻohi a kanu ʻia nā mea hou, ʻo ia ke kumu e kaulana ai ka ʻāina no kāna lawaiʻa, holoholona a me nā hana mahiʻai.

ʻO Fauna lāua ʻo Flora

no kāu mea nui biodiversity (flora a me nā holoholona), ʻo ka Pantanal kahi hoʻoilina aupuni na ke Kumukānāwai Pekelala a manaʻo ʻia he Biosfera a ʻO ka hoʻoilina kūlohelohe o Humanity na UNESCO, ka mea i pale ʻole i ka ulu ʻana o ka nāhelehele a me ka luku. ʻO 4.6% wale nō o ka ʻāina i pale ʻia e nā mālama mālama.


ʻO ke kū ʻana o kahi ʻano like ʻole o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona, ​​e like me nā mea hānai, nā amphibians, nā mea kolo, nā manu a me nā mea kolo ma muli o kona wahi kūpono a me ka hopena o nā flora a me nā holoholona mai ka Amazon Forest, Atlantic Forest, Chaco a me Cerrado.

Aia ma ka liʻiliʻi he 3,500 mau ʻano mea kanu, 124 mau ʻano mamele, 463 mau ʻano manu a me 325 ʻano iʻa.[2]Akā ke hoʻomau nei ka papa inoa o nā holoholona ʻaneʻane e ulu, no ka hana a ke kanaka.

Ma waho aʻe o ka lawa kūpono ʻole o ka hana kūpono ʻole o ka ʻāina, paipai ʻia ka huki ʻana, ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana a me ka lawaiʻa lawehala ʻana e ka hoʻopulapula ʻili ʻana a me nā ʻano laha ʻole. ʻO ka palena me nā ʻāina ʻAmelika Hema ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui i nā makaʻi i ke kaiaolaola. KA hoʻonui o ka mahiʻai a me nā ahi ʻike ʻia ʻo ia nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ka biome. Ma waena o ʻAukake a me Kepakemapa 2020, aia kahi moʻohelu o nā ahi ma ia wahi, kahi i luku ai i ka like o nā kahua pôpeku ʻo 2 miliona.[3]

ʻO nā holoholona hele a make i ka Pantanal

Wahi a ka Chico Mendes Institute no Biodiversity Conservation, kahi keʻena kūlohelohe o ke aupuni i ʻāpana o ka Ministry of Environment, aia he 1,172 mau ʻano holoholona o ka holoholona e hoʻoweliweli ʻia nei me ka luku ʻia ma Brazil. No kēia huina, 318 i kahi kūlana i manaʻo ʻia he koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, makaʻu nui lākou i ka nalo maoli ʻana mai ke kūlohelohe.[2]

He mea nui ʻaʻole e huikau nā holoholona hoʻoweliweli, ʻo ia hoʻi, kēlā mau mea e noho nei akā aia a makaʻu paha i ka nalo ʻana, me kēlā mau ua pau i ka luku ʻia i ke kūlohelohe (ʻike wale ʻia e ka hana pio) a hoʻopau ʻole (kahi i koe ʻole). I ka mahele hoʻoweliweli, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano ma ke ʻano he: palupalu, hoʻoweliweli a i ʻole i kahi weliweli koʻikoʻi.

Ma lalo, e ʻike i nā holoholona e noho ana i ka Pantanal a e makaʻu nei i ka make e like me ka Red List of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) a me ka Chico Mendes Institute. ʻO ka mea hope loa ma ka papa inoa kahi holoholona i nalo. He mea pono ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia ke kiʻi o ka ua kālailai ʻia ke kūlana a hiki i ka panina o kēia ʻatikala.[4]

1. Jaguar (panthera onca)

Kapa ʻia ʻo jaguar, ʻo ia ka ke kolu o ka pōpoki nui loa o ka honua. He ʻauʻau maikaʻi ʻoi ʻo ia a noho i nā kahawai a i ʻole nā ​​loko. Hiki iā ia ke piʻi i 150kg a he ikaika a nahu hoʻi me ka nahu. He holoholona karnivora ia, nāna e waiho iā ia ma luna o ke kaulahao meaʻai.

He mea mākaʻikaʻi mākaʻikaʻi ia no ka mea makemake i ke kūlohelohe, akā no ka mea ʻāpiki no nā mea ʻimi holoholona, ​​ʻo ia ke kumu no ka jaguar ma ka papa inoa kūhelu o nā ʻano mea ʻaneʻane pau i Brazil. Ma waho aʻe o ka hopu holoholona, ​​ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā kūlanakauhale a me ka nalo ʻana o ko lākou wahi maoli ma muli o hoʻoneoneo ʻāina hoʻonui i ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make.

2. Manu ʻīlio hae (ʻO Chrysocyon brachyurus)

ʻO ia ka mammal canid nui loa maoli i ʻAmelika Hema a hiki ke loaʻa ma ka Pantanal, Pampas a me Cerrado. ʻO kāna mau maʻamau a me kona ʻano kino e hana ia ʻano kū hoʻokahi a kūikawā loa.

3. Wine ʻīlio (ʻO Speothos venaticus)

He kino kuʻikuʻi kona, pōkole, wāwae ikaika, pepeiao puni, huelo pōkole a me ka repertoire leo ākea. Mai ʻike i ka kani ʻokoʻa hiki iā ia ke hoʻopuka.

4. ʻO Otter (ʻO Pteronura brasiliensis)

ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia ka ʻīlio wolf, jaguar wai a i ʻole otter nunui. He mammal kikokiko ia me nā ʻano semiaquatic. Kūpono ka luku ʻia o kēia laha ma muli o ka nalo o kona wahi noho. He kaha keʻokeʻo kona ma ka ʻāʻī, kahi e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o kēlā me kēia kanaka. Pālahalaha ka huelo i ke ʻano o ka hoe e kōkua ai i ka ʻauʻau ʻana. He lauoho lauoho pokole pū kekahi me ke kala ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele a me nā kapuaʻi ākea a me nā membrane e hui pū ana me nā manamana wāwae.

5. ʻAlesa Marsh (Blastocerus dichotomus)

Loaʻa ia ma ka Pantanal, akā noho nō ia ma Amazon a me Cerrado. ʻO ia ka dia nui nui ma Latin America a hiki ke kaumaha i 125 kg a hiki i 1.80 m ke kiʻekiʻe. Ua koho ʻia 60% o kona laha ua pau mua ma muli o ka hopu holoholona a me ka nalo ʻana o kahi o ko lākou wahi noho. ʻO ia ke kumu e holo nui ai ka lilo o kekahi o nā holoholona ʻaneʻane pau i ka Pantanal.

6. ʻO Pampas Deer (ʻO Ozotoceros bezoarticus leucogaster)

Ana kona kino ma waena o 80 a 95 knm a hiki ke kaupaona iā 40 kg. He apo hulu keʻokeʻo kona a puni nā maka a me nā pepeiao me ke kala keʻokeʻo o loko. ʻO ʻoe ʻalani ke oho ma ke koena o ke kino, koe wale no ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo a me ka huelo ʻeleʻele. ʻAʻole hana ia i nā hui nui a ʻike pinepine ʻia hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​hui a i 6 mau kānaka.

7. ʻO Brown-bellied Jacu (penelope ochrogaster)

He manu nui nona nā ʻeheu lōʻihi a me ka huelo, me nā plumage i haku ʻia i nā kaha keʻokeʻo, nā kapuaʻi māmā a me ka nuku ʻeleʻele, a hiki ke ana ʻia a hiki i ka 77 cm. He poʻo ʻulaʻula kona a ʻike pinepine ʻole ʻia i ke ʻano no kāna aloof lawena, kahi mea ʻokoʻa loa mai nā Jacus ʻē aʻe. ʻ hoʻoneoneo ʻana a me ka huli holoholona kū kānāwai ʻole nā kumu nui o kona hiki ke make. I loko o kahi ʻatikala PeritoAnimal ʻē aʻe hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike hou aʻe e pili ana i nā manu ʻaneʻane make.

8. nuku ʻoiaʻiʻo (Sporophila maximilian)

Aia kēia manu ma waena o 14.5 a me 16.5 kenimika ka lōʻihi. Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ka weevil o ka boll ʻākau, ʻo ka weevil boll maoli a i ʻole ka weevil boll ʻeleʻele, e noho ana nā kahawai i hoʻopiha ʻia, nā ala me nā kumu lāʻau, nā ʻūlū o nā ululāʻau, nā kahawai, nā muliwai a me nā loko, i ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi kokoke i ka wai, keu hoʻi kahi mauʻu a me ka laiki, ko lākou meaʻai nā meaʻai i ke kūlohelohe. ʻO ʻoe hoʻohana ʻia nā pesticides i ka laiki kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu i hoʻokau i kēia holoholona ma ka papa inoa ʻulaʻula o nā holoholona i ka make o ka make.

9. Tapir (ʻO Tapirus terrestris)

ʻO ia ka mammal ʻāina nui loa ma Brazil, hiki i 2.40 m ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ʻia 300 kg. ʻO kekahi inoa i loaʻa iā ia ʻo tapir. Lonely, hiki i ka tapir ke ola i 35 mau makahiki.ʻO kahi hoihoi e pili ana iā ia kāna manawa hānau, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o hoʻokahi makahiki a hiki i 400 mau lā.

10. ʻO Armadillo nui (ʻO Maximus Priodonts)

ʻAno maʻamau kēia ʻano a ola ma waena o 12 a 15 mau makahiki i ka awelika. He huelo loloa kona i uhi ʻia me nā pale pentagonal liʻiliʻi. Ma waena o nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui i ka pilikua armadillo ka ahi, mahiʻai, nāhelehele a me ka hopu holoholona.

11. ʻO Margay (Leopadius wiediiá)

Aia ka holoholona i nā biome āpau ma Brazil, akā pili nui ʻia me nā wahi nahele. Nui a nunui nā maka o kēia ʻano, e puka ana ka ihu, nā wāwae nui a me ka huelo lōʻihi loa. Loaʻa nā wāwae hope i nā hono maʻalahi, e ʻae nei i ka hoʻololi ʻana a hiki i nā kekelē 180, e hāʻawi ai i ka hiki ʻole i waena o nā felines e iho mai kahi lāʻau. poʻo i lalo.

12. Kahua Nui Anteater (ʻO Myrmecophaga tridactyla Linnaeus)

ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka holoholona ma Pantanal wale nō, akā ma Amazon hoʻi, ka Cerrado a me ka Ululāʻau ʻAkelanika. Loaʻa kahi ʻano terrestrial a me ka mehameha me ke koe o ka makuahine me kāna keiki, i ka wā o ka hānai ʻana, a i ka wā hānau, ke hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā kāne. ʻO nā ahi, ka mahiai aʻo ka nahelehele nā ​​kumu nui o ka hoʻoweliweli i ka anteater nunui.

13. ʻO Puma a cougar paha (Puma concolor)

He mammal ʻāina ʻāina ia i hiki ke loaʻa ma nā wahi like ʻole o ʻAmelika. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo ia kekahi o nā felines i hoʻololi maikaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ke kaiapuni. He palule beige palupalu kona ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa, koe ka ʻāpana o ka ʻōpū, ʻoi aku ka māmā. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē me nā kiko ʻeleʻele a me nā maka polū. ʻOkoʻa ka nui a me ke kaumaha e like me ka ʻāina o ka hanana. Agile loa, ka Hiki i ka puma ke lele i ka honua i ke kiʻekiʻe o 5.5 m.

14. Aeto hina (ʻUltureiwi Corona)

Nui a aia ma waena o 75 a me 85 cm, ke kaupaona ʻia a 3.5 kg. He manu maʻamau kā ka manu mākua a kēpau hina hina, me kahi plume kalaunu a me ka huelo pokole me ka hui hina hoʻokahi.

Luku aku: Small Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus glaucus)

Pau ʻole ka macaw hyacinth liʻiliʻi. Hiki iā ia ke huikau me nā macaws hyacinth ʻē aʻe: ʻo ka macaw polū (Cyanopsitta spixii), ka mea i nalowale mai ka nahelehele, aia wale nō ma lalo o ka mālama kanaka. ka Lear's Macaw (Anodorhynchus leari), ka mea e ʻaneʻane weliweli i ka nāhelehele; a me ka Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus), e hoʻoweliweli ʻia nei hoʻopau loa i ke kūlohelohe. Ua kū ʻo ia i waho no kāna uʻi nui, ka mea i makemake nui ʻia iā ia e ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona. Ma lalo e ʻike mākou i kahi kaha kiʻi o ke ʻano o kēia ʻano, a ʻo ka mea pōʻino kekahi ʻāpana o ka papa inoa o nā holoholona ʻaneʻane make i loko o nā wai pulu.

Pehea e pale aku ai i ka make ʻana o nā holoholona

E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai, waiwai nui ka biome Pantanal i kāna mau holoholona a me nā mea ulu. A ʻo ka mālama o nā kaiaola kūlohelohe, flora, fauna a me microorganism, hoʻohiki i ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe, kahi e hopena maikaʻi ai i nā ola o mākou nā kānaka ma ka Honua Honua.

Hoʻopau ka nalo o nā holoholona i ka holoʻokoʻa kaulahao meaʻai, ke kumu o ke kaulike ʻole i ke kūlohelohe. Hōʻike pū kekahi mau noiʻi e like me ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā ʻano holoholona a me nā mea kanu he mea weliweli ia i ka hana ʻana i nā kaiaolaola e like me ka haumia a me ka loli.

ʻOiai ka hopena o nā holoholona e hānai nui i nā huaʻai, i kapa ʻia ʻo frugivores, hoʻopilikia pū kekahi i ka hiki o nā ululāʻau tropika e omo i ka carbon dioxide (CO2) mai ka lewa, e wikiwiki ana i ka hoʻomehana o ka honua.[5]

I mea e pale aku ai i ka make ʻana o nā holoholona, ​​pono ka ʻike. Pono e hakakā i ka hopu holoholona kū ʻole i ke kānāwai, ka wao nahele, ke ahi a akahele hoʻi me nā hale i manaʻo ʻia he wahi noho maoli nā holoholona. ʻO ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka ʻōpala i nā wahi kūpono i mea nui e hōʻalo ai i ka pili ʻana o nā holoholona me kekahi huahana a i ʻole nā make e ka asphyxia me ka hoʻolei kūpono ʻole ʻana o ka plastic, ma kahi laʻana. [6]

Aia pū kekahi mau papahana e mālama a kākoʻo i ka hana hou ʻana o nā holoholona i hiki iā ʻoe ke kākoʻo, a me nā hui ʻoihana ʻole (NGO).

ʻO nā holoholona a pau e kokoke ana i ka make

Hiki ke kiʻi ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i nā holoholona a pau i ka make.

  • Buke ʻulaʻula o ka Chico Mendes Institute: he palapala i piha i ka papa inoa o nā lāhui Brazil āpau e hoʻoweliweli ʻia nei e pau. No ke kiʻi ʻana iā ia, e kipa i ka pūnaewele ICMBio.
  • ʻO International Union no ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlohelohe a me nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe (IUCN) Papa inoa ʻulaʻula: Hāʻawi ka ʻaoʻao, i ka ʻōlelo Pelekania i kahi kahua hulina kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻokomo i ka inoa o ka holoholona āu e makemake ai e ʻike.

I kēia ʻatikala PeritoAnimal ʻē aʻe, ʻike i nā mea ʻē aʻe holoholona weliweli ma Palakila.

Inā makemake ʻoe e heluhelu hou aku i nā ʻatikala e like me ʻO nā holoholona hele a make i ka Pantanal, paipai mākou iā ʻoe e komo i kā mākou ʻĀina Manu ʻaneʻa.